Objectives This study was designed to reveal structural abnormalities in singleton and twin pregnancies in the Chinese population. Methods This retrospective study spanned 8 years and included 1228 singleton pregnancies (112,919 examinees) and 49 twin pregnancies (1865 examinees) with structural anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound. Detailed descriptions of anomalies, gestational weeks at diagnosis, and maternal age were recorded. The odds ratio was evaluated in twin pregnancies with detectable structural anomalies. Results The annual average “ultrasound prevalence of fetal anomalies” among singleton and twin pregnancies were 1.09 and 3.06%, respectively. Mothers with twin anomalies were older (P < .001), and twin pregnancies were diagnosed with anomalies in earlier gestational weeks than singleton (P = .011). No differences were found in the types of anomalies between singleton and twin pregnancies. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies. Twin pregnancies had higher rates of major anomalies than singleton (total OR 2.45), especially cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal systems and ear/eye/face/neck disorders. Conclusions Compared with singleton, twin pregnancies had higher odds of detectable structural anomalies. Twin pregnancies with structural anomalies were diagnosed at earlier gestational age and associated with older maternal age. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies.
Background. To report the cause-specific prevalence and trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019 by age and sociodemographic index.Methods. For hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability numbers and age standardized rates per 100,000 population were compared across regional and national levels by age and sociodemographic index using data from the global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Estimates are reported with uncertainty intervals.Results. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 16.30 million to 18.08 million globally, with a total increase of 10.92% from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of -0.68 (95% CI -0.49 to -0.86). The number of deaths due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was approximately 27.83 thousand in 2019. This was a 30.05% decreased from 1990. Based on the incidence and prevalence, the number of deaths and years lived with disability were highest in the group aged 25-29 years, followed by the groups aged 30-34 and 20-24 years, while the estimated incidence rate was lowest in the group aged 25-29 years and higher in the youngest and oldest groups. Positive associations between incidence and sociodemographic index and human development index were found for all countries and regions in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in countries/regions with lower sociodemographic indices and human development indices.Conclusion. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The death and incidence burdens are decreasing in most countries and all regions except low-sociodemographic and -human development index areas. This is mainly because attention to prenatal examinations and health education has increased. Further investigations should focus on forecasting the global disease burden of specific hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and modifiable risk factors.
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