As the most commonly used potential energy conversion and storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively investigated for a wide range of fields including information technology, electric and hybrid vehicles, aerospace, etc. Endowed with attractive properties such as high energy density, long cycle life, small size, low weight, few memory effects and low pollution, LIBs have been recognized as the most likely approach to be used to store electrical power in the future. This review will start with a brief introduction to charge-discharge principles and performance assessment indices. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly studied anode materials including carbon, alloys, transition metal oxides and silicon along with lithium intercalation will be reviewed. The mechanism and synthesis methods, followed by strategies to enhance battery performance by virtue of interesting structural designs will be examined. Finally, a few issues needing further exploration will be discussed followed by a brief outline of the prospects and outlook for the LIB field.

Lonidamine, an anticancer drug that acts on mitochondria, has poor water solubility. Mitochondria are the primary source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary for photodynamic therapy. Hence, a mitochondria-targeting drug delivery system loaded with Lonidamine and a ROS-produced photosensitizer could improve the bioavailability of Lonidamine and maximize photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. Here we report, for the first time, new IR-780 and Lonidamine encapsulated mitochondria-targeting thermosensitive liposomes (IL-TTSL). DSPE-PEG2000-NH was coupled with triphenylphosphine to form DSPE-PEG-TPP. The liposomes (IL-TTSL) were self-assembled from DPPC, DSPC, DSPE-PEG-TPP, cholesterol, IR-780 and Lonidamine. Coupled linker modified triphenylphosphine (TPP) is cationic and can selectively accumulate several hundred-fold within mitochondria. Once the liposomes are located inside mitochondria, 808 nm laser irradiation could trigger photosensitizer IR-780 to elevate the local temperature, which could be utilized in photothermal therapy and induce the release of Lonidamine from the thermosensitive liposomes. Meanwhile, IR-780 could release ROS for photodynamic therapy in mitochondria and increase photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. Our results showed that the surface modification of the liposomes with triphenylphosphine cations had good mitochondria-targeting ability. The liposomes exhibited good biocompatibility and all components of the empty liposomes were safe to be used in humans. Few reports were related to IR-780 being used in photodynamic therapy and we proved this function of IR-780. Overall, the stealth liposomes provide a promising new strategy to realize mitochondria-targeting thermosensitive chemo-, photodynamic and photothermal combination therapy with a single light source for lung cancer.

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BackgroundThe role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (18FDG PET/CT), as a prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases, is still controversial. We sought to perform a meta-analysis of the literature to address this issue.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify the studies that associated 18FDG PET/CT to clinical survival outcomes of patients with liver metastases. Methodological qualities of the included studies were also assessed. The summarized hazard ratio (HR) was estimated by using fixed- or random-effect model according to heterogeneity between trails.ResultsBy analyzing a total of 867 patients from 15 studies, we found that PET/CT for metabolic response to the therapy was capable of predicting event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) with statistical significance, and the HR was 0.45 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.78) and 0.36 (95 % CI, 0.18–0.71), respectively. Furthermore, pre-treatment 18FDG PET/CT with high standardized uptake value (SUV) was also significantly associated with poorer OS HR, 1.24; (95 % CI, 1.06–1.45). However, we did not find a statistically significant effect of post-treatment SUV for predicting OS HR, 1.68; (95 % CI, 0.63–4.52).ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis confirms that 18FDG PET/CT is a useful tool to help predict survival outcomes in patients with liver metastases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40644-015-0055-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide intercalated composite (TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide) has been successfully prepared at low temperature (80°C) with graphite oxide (GO) and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO 4 ) 2 ) as initial reactants. GO was firstly exfoliated by NaOH and formed single and multi-layered graphite oxide mixture which can be defined as graphene oxide, [TiO] 2+ induced by the hydrolysis of Ti(SO 4 ) 2 diffused into graphene oxide interlayer by electrostatic attraction. The nucleation and growth of TiO 2 crystallites took place at low temperature and TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide composite was successfully synthesized. Furthermore, the photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide under the irradiation of UV light were also studied. The results show that the degradation rate of methyl orange is 1.16 mg min −1 g −1 (refer to the efficiency of the initial 15 min). Compared with P25 powder, this kind of intercalation composite owns much better efficiency. On the other hand, the reusable properties and stable properties of TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide intercalated composite are also discussed in this paper. At last, crystalline structure, interface status, thermal properties and microscopic structure of TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Also, we have analyzed major influencing factors and mechanism of the composite structures which evidently improve the photocatalytic properties. Titania, Graphene Oxide, intercalated composite, photocatalytic properties Citation:Zhang Q, He Y Q, Chen X G, et al. Structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 -Graphene Oxide intercalated composite.