Molecular dynamics simulation of a sympathetically-cooled 113Cd+ ion crystal system is achieved. Moreover, the relationship between ions’ axial temperature and different electric parameters, including radio frequency voltage and end-cap voltage is depicted. Under stable trapping condition, optimum radio frequency voltage, corresponding to minimum temperature and the highest cooling efficiency, is obtained. The temperature is positively correlated with end-cap voltage. The relationship is also confirmed by a sympathetically-cooled 113Cd+ microwave clock. The pseudo-potential model is used to illustrate the relationship and influence mechanism. A reasonable index, indicating ions’ temperature, is proposed to quickly estimate the relative ions’ temperature. The investigation is helpful for ion crystal investigation, such as spatial configuration manipulation, sympathetic cooling efficiency enhancement, and temporal evolution.
Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) technology used to detect groundwater directly and quantificationally, which owns the advantages of rich information and low cost. In these years, it has shown significant potential applications in hydrological detections. Considering the traditional measurements with the geomagnetic field, the nano-valt MRS signals are easy to suppress to environmental noise. As one of the MRS signal enhancement methods, the adiabatic pulse was quite popular recently. It is transmitted with variable frequency and amplitude pulse satisfying the adiabatic condition, which can enhance the signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio several times. However, there are only a few reports about this method, especially its geophysical modeling. Thus, we introduce the calculating progress of transverse magnetization and kernel function for this method. By employing the interpolation, the computation cost of forward modeling is obviously reduced. Moreover, several different settings of adiabatic transmitting factors are also proceeded to obtain certain results. In conclusion, a pulse moment with 80 ms transmitting duration and 30 quality factor produces a maximum signal amplitude that is enhanced 16.56 times for deep areas. The research in this paper could provide powerful support for MRS method used in noisy environments.
We present a way to calculate the Witten indez A for a class of I f 1 dimensional supersymmetric (SUSY) models with O(N) symmetry. Since A is inuaria n t under a n adiabatic change of parameters, a n O(N) non-invariant but SUSY term 2 h 4 ~ is added to the Lagrangian, therefore the degeneracy of zero-energy states due to O(N) symmetry is removed. It is shown that SUSY breaking can occur for the SUSY O(N) Wess-Zumino model. FAG'S: 11.SO.PbAs it is well known, any realistic supersymmetric (SUSY) theories must include a mechanism of SUSY breaking. Witten' introduced a quantity A, counting the difference between the numbers of bosonic and fermionic zero-energy states, this is and presented a criterion for SUSY breaking as follows 1. SUSY is unbroken, if and only if L 1 0 ; 2 . SUSY breaking can occur, if A = 0.
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