This paper illustrates the impacts of mining disaster after more than 20 years. A two – day rapid assessment was carried out at Mogpog and Boac River catchment in Marinduque Island in March 2019. The target site included Maguilaguila Pit that connects the river catchment and formerly used as mining wastes pit. This is to understand the impacts of 1993 and 1996 mining disasters in the Boac-Mogpog river basin at Marinduque, Philippines. The island of Marinduque has been considered as among the top ten most vulnerable islands in the country due to its environmental condition and geographical location which affected the island demography. The island has suffered the impacts of one of the country’s biggest mining disasters. The instruments used to conduct rapid site assessment were SciAps X-300 Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Model DJI Mavic Air, Google Earth, Hannah Multiparameter HI 9811-5 with HI 1285-5 probe and HI 70007, 70031, 70032 and 700661 solutions. The DJI Mavic Air captured images of Mogpog and Boac River catchment which helped direct the research team to take the right sampling locations. The DJI Mavic Air captured site images of the two rivers as dead rivers and use as land transportation route during dry season. The Google Earth captured the historical images of the target areas. The recorded data showed that the pit and nearby river water is acidic with pH equivalent to 2.9 and 4.1, respectively. The range of concentration of total dissolved solids in Mogpog and Boac river water was 100–1360 and 160–1150 ppm, respectively. The recorded concentration of iron near the pit was 125,587 ppm, and chromium concentration range was 80–99 ppm. The concentration of copper and manganese in the sediments was 5 and 158 times higher (respectively) than the 1998 detected concentrations. Based on the recorded data and images, the Maguilaguila pit, Boac and Mogpog River catchment need immediate attention. It could be concluded that based on the recent assessment results, leaks at the pit are likely. Also, the combination of areal-aerial and ground technique produced two – day rapid site assessment for areas contaminated by mine tailings. The information could aid in preparing prompt action and setting strategies that are helpful in carrying out risk reduction programs in the island.
Microwave energy has been widely used in several domestic, industrial, and medical applications such as food sterilization, organic/inorganic syntheses, polymerization, dehydration, analyses and extraction, and biological destruction. This paper summarizes the potential applications of microwave energy as remedial alternatives for various types of wastes and diverse contamination of soils, sludge, or wastewaters. The major subjects covered in the paper are focused on sludge processing, medical waste treatment, contaminated soil remediation, wastewater remediation, activated carbon regeneration, and integrated remedial methodology. The extent of microwave treatment and microwave-assisted application promoting a specific technology has been highlighted relative to the conventional methods. Also, a few novel microwave involved processes, and the integrated experimental design of remedial schemes were presented. The application of microwave energy was proven to be superior to the use of conventional heating on accelerating reaction rates, improving yields, and selectively activating or suppressing reaction pathways. Besides the thermal effect, the nonthermal effect caused by microwave irradiation and its influence on the specific remediation cases have also been discussed. When applying the integrated remedial methodology, the effects of microwave irradiation improving the photocatalytic capacity of TiO 2 have been detailed. Conclusively, microwave technology is a potentially viable and powerful alternative to the decontamination of soil, sludge, wastewater, as well as the treatment of certain types of waste.
An illegal dumping site located in Ping-Tung County, Taiwan was selected as the case study site. For the site remediation and decision-making purposes, illegal waste dumps need to be identified before the application of remedial tasks. However, traditional investigation via soil gas/soil sampling is not able to detect buried wastes or containers in a cost-effective and time-efficient way. In this study, a ground-pentrating radar ͑GPR͒ system was utilized to locate the buried wastes under a central frequency operation of 300 MHz. This paper was aimed at ascertaining the feasibility of GPR application on this case study. Based on the results of GPR detection, several highly suspected regions of buried waste were delineated through congregating the sections of abrupt intensive GPR reflectance on each walkpath. Subsequently, the suspected regions were subjected to field sampling as well as laboratory analysis of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. With the aid of GPR detection, several bags of fly-ash-like dust were unearthed in hot spot region. According to lab data of sample analysis, soil samples from hot spot area were abundant in zinc and lead, which were closely associated with the unearthed fly-ash-like dust. The results of an integrated approach of site investigation in an uncontrolled dumpsite were presented to offer suitable information for those who intend to utilize the GPR application on the masterpiece of hazardous waste management.
This study is focused on the removal of pentachlorophenol from its aqueous phase by electrochemically induced degradation with Pt electrodes. The objective of this study was to contrast the electrochemical removal of pentachlorophenol at the oxidative and the reductive potentials, and further to understand how to apply the electrochemical treatment on PCP degradation. Lab experiments were conducted in a Pt electrolyzer, and the voltage source was supplied and precisely controlled by an electrochemical analyzer. In these experiments, the variables including electrolyte species, pH, voltage supply, and reaction time were examined to compare the efficiency of pentachlorophenol removal. Experimental results showed that pentachlorophenol was completely degraded after being electrolyzed for 1 h at-1.5 V in a 0.5 M KCl solution, while the removal of pentachlorophenol is negligible under the similar condition when 0.5 M NaNO(3) or Na(2)CO(3) was used as the electrolyte. The electrolyte concentration below 0.5 M is unfavourable for the electrochemical removal of pentachlorophenol. The removal efficiency of pentachlorophenol is slightly affected by pH, and the strong basic environment might impede the degradation of pentachlorophenol. Comparing with those under positive potentials, the experiments conducted under negative potentials have shown a better removal of pentachlorophenol with a higher current efficiency. It implies that pentachlorophenol degradation followed the reductive pathway. Based on the analysis of GC/MS, the intermediates of pentachlorophenol degradation were identified as 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane and 2-chlorocyclohexanol.
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