Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations for a group of listed electronics companies in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Using linear regression analysis, this paper analyses the ownership structure, board gender diversity and charitable donations of 380 Taiwanese electronics companies (2011-2013). Findings While domestic institutional investors, such as domestic mutual funds and corporate investors, take more of agency logic view, it negatively impacts on charitable donations. However, the empirical findings of this paper indicate that board gender diversity with the critical number of female directors was positively related to charitable donation. Thus, it is clear that female directors reaching critical numbers were taking more of a stakeholder view of institutional logic, emphasizing the balance of interests of internal and external stakeholders. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to selected Taiwanese electronics companies over a two-year time frame, and charitable donations are the only proxy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity. The paper suggests that, as predicted by stakeholder theory and critical mass theory, companies with boards composed of at least three female directors make higher charitable donations. Practical implications This paper indicates that female directors on the board should have more voices on the board regarding the necessity and importance of CSR. Originality/value The paper contributes to existing literature by looking into the effects of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations.
This study explores the early stages of the female entrepreneurial process from conception to venture start up. Seventy-eight female entrepreneurs' stories, published on the Flying Goose Program website, were collected and analyzed by content. Engaged in different industries, they are mostly small-and medium-sized enterprises or microenterprises in personal service industry. The results describe the women entrepreneur as: middle-aged, married, college degree, with work experience, no management experience, no financial backup, mostly in traditionally personal service industry. In addition to their dreams, interests, and specific skills and knowledge, these women have a desire to solve life problems or assist disadvantaged groups in society. When they have an entrepreneurial idea, they are likely to share it with and receive approval and affirmation from their families-particularly their husbands. Government assistance is a major factor affecting their venture start up decision making. They access related business knowledge from training courses. Practical and policy implications for female entrepreneurship are provided.
For the expansion of international Weight Management franchisor, the local master franchisee not only exactly provides a platform to combine the organizational knowledge and local market knowledge but also takes more responsibilities of gaining sustainable competitive advantages from its network in new market. Therefore this paper presents a case study exploring transferring, detecting, and exploring capabilities of a local master franchisee to exploit and enhance the international franchisor’s dynamic capabilities in international operations.
This study investigates the impact of Hofstede's dimensions of national culture on environmental sustainability across 57 countries. Hofstede's national culture construct reflects and gauges the extent of the inclination of a particular national person toward either economic development or environmental preservation. Climate change and pollution have continuously devastated the environment in recent decades. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals aim to achieve a more sustainable future and prevent further environmental destruction. This study aims to explore whether national culture significantly influences national environmental sustainability. We use national environmental performance as the proxy for national environmental sustainability and adopt the ordinary least squares regression model to explore the possible relationship with two datasets of international indices; one is proposed by Hofstede, and the other is proposed by Germanwatch. Our results show that the power distance index has a strong negative impact on the climate change performance index (CCPI), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, renewable energy, and energy use. Further, the masculinity index is negatively related to CCPI and GHG emissions. The individual index is also negatively related to renewable energy. Furthermore, indulgence is positively associated with climate policy. These findings support the notion that nations should consider their cultural characteristics to improve environmental sustainability. Thus, conducting a national environmental policy that aligns with national culture is suggested to achieve environmental sustainability.
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