Cytokines and Chemokines are a group of small proteins that are secreted primarily from immune cells and play essential roles in inflammation and infectious disease. Over the past decade, a great number of studies have demonstrated that some cytokines/chemokines are also secreted from adipocytes (adipokines), hepatocytes (hepatokines), and myocytes (myokines). These non-immune-cell secreted cytokines/chemokines are involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis as well as the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. To further study muscle cell cytokines/chemokines secretion systematically, we collected mouse muscle cell (C2C12) culture medium samples at Day 0, 1, 3, 5 after cell differentiation and measured cytokine/chemokine concentration in these samples using MILLIPLEX® map Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Panels I (32 analytes), II (12 analytes), and III (6 analytes) multiplex assays using the Luminex® xMAP® technology. Among the 50 cytokines/chemokines measured we found 9 cytokines/chemokines were easily detectable in C2C12 culture medium samples. Six of them, including IL-6, Eotaxin, IP-10, VEGF, Fractalkine, and TARC, showed a gradual concentration increase after cell differentiation. These data demonstrated that MILLIPLEX® map Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine panels are useful tools for cytokine/chemokine secretion profiling and indicate that muscle cells may secrete more myokines than have been previously reported.
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