ObjectiveThe aim was to determine whether pregnant women conceiving through in vitro fertilization (IVF) differ from those conceiving spontaneously in terms of psychological well-being and the quality of life.MethodsIn a prospective study we included 75 women conceived after IVF and 78 who conceived spontaneously in the same time period (control group). All the women were sent a self-report questionnaire about demographic and reproductive history, health, pregnancy concerns, containing Subjective Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale (SAS); obstetric and newborn’s data were obtained from medical records. Response rate was 66.6% in the IVF and 83.3% in control group.ResultsThe mean women’s age was 33.8 years in the IVF, and 32.5 years in the control group (NS). There were no significant differences between groups on the most of the outcome measures assessing psychological status. IVF mothers were just less satisfied in “friend/acquaintances” (P=0.03), a higher percentage had sexual problems prior to conception (P=0.03); the length of hospitalization during pregnancy was longer (P=0.02), and the preterm delivery rate was higher (P=0.01). Withingroup changes over gestation time indicated that IVF women, not controls, showed an increase in positive affect (P=0.04) and purpose in life (P=0.05).ConclusionsIVF women are inclined to social isolation. Despite more medical problems during pregnancy, they reported improved positive emotions and purpose in life as the pregnancy progressed.
in delovna skupina za pediatrično pulmologijo IzvlečekKašelj je zelo pogosta težava pri otroku. Glede na trajanje ga delimo na akutni kašelj (do tri tedne), subakutni (3-8 tednov) in kronični (več kot 8 tednov).Akutni kašelj je najpogosteje posledica virusnih okužb dihal, ki izzvenijo same po sebi. Potrebno pa je izključiti morebitne resne osnovne bolezni.Subakutni kašelj se najbolj pogosto pojavi po akutni okužbi dihal (postinfekcijski kašelj) in izzveni brez specifičnega zdravljenja. Če je otrok sicer zdrav, kašelj pa suh, se postopno izboljšuje in niso prisotni specifični kazalci, ki bi kazali na resno bolezen, je potrebno otroka le spremljati. Če pa obstaja možnost, da je subakutni kašelj posledica aspiracije tujka, kronične pljučne bolezni ali če se kašelj stopnjuje, je potrebno čimprej opraviti dodatne preiskave.Tudi kronični kašelj je najpogosteje posledica okužb dihal, lahko pa tudi težkih bolezni, ki ogrožajo življenje. Potrebno je ločiti med specifičnim kašljem (poleg kašlja so prisotni simptomi in znaki osnovne bolezni) in nespecifičnim kašljem (prisoten je le suh kašelj brez drugih simptomov in znakov bolezni).Da bi preprečili nepotrebne preiskave in neučinkovito zdravljenje otrok s kašljem, ob tem pa ne bi spregledali katere od težkih bolezni, je potrebno upoštevati priporočila za obravnavo otrok s kašljem, ki temeljijo na medicini, podprti z dokazi. AbstractCough is a common problem in children. Acute cough lasts less than 3 weeks, subacute 3-8 weeks and chronic cough more than 8 weeks.Acute cough is usually caused by common viral upper respiratory tract infection. However, the child should be thoroughly evaluated to rule out a serious underlying condition or disease responsible for the cough.The commonest cause of subacute cough is a viral infection (postinfectious cough) and it usually resolves spontaneously. If the child is otherwise well and the cough is dry and there are no specific alerts for a serious disease and the cough is resolving, a period of observation is all that is recommended. If there are any specific pointers in history and examination identified for an inhaled foreign body, chronic lung disease, or in a case of progressive cough, immediate investigations are needed.Most chronic coughs in childhood are due to viral infections, but may signify a serious underlying disease too. Chronic cough is subdivided into specific cough (i.e., cough associated with other symptoms and signs suggestive of an associated or underlying problem) and nonspecific cough (i.e., dry cough in the absence of an identifiable respiratory disease of known etiology).
Objective -Bacterial infection of the scrotal appendages (scrotal pyocele) is a rare condition, especially in neonates. It is easy to confuse with other scrotal emergencies that require surgical intervention and orchiectomy. We present a case where pre-and intraoperative diagnosis was not clear and orchiectomy was performed; additionally, review of the literature, diagnostics, treatment options and lessons learned are discussed. Case report -A ten-day old full term neonate, born with bilateral hydroceles and glandular hypospadias, presented with a six day history of poor feeding and irritability; clinical examination revealed an enlarged, erythematous and tender right hemiscotum. Blood cultures, routine laboratory examinations and ultrasound (US) imaging was performed. Postnatal torsion with non-viable testicle, testicular malignancy and epididymo-orchitis were considered in the differential diagnosis. Upon surgical exploration, the testicle appeared non-viable due to severe inflammation and was removed. The patient was treated initially with ampicillin and gentamicin. After Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured from specimens, treatment was continued with benzyl penicillin. Conclusion -Neonatal scrotal pyocele is an extremely rare condition. The main suggestive features are clinical presentation with signs of infection and an enlarged painful scrotum. US is the investigation of choice to differentiate from a surgical emergency. Free fluid in the scrotal cavity with septae, normal looking testicle on US and no signs of torsion at exploration are diagnostic signs. If diagnosed early, the first line of management is surgical aspiration or decompression, followed by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. With delay in diagnosis, the testicle may look non-viable and push surgeons for orchiectomy.
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