This study explores the change of married women’s sex preference for children in Taiwan since 1990, finding that there was a substantial decline of son preference and rise of “gender indifference”, defined as feeling indifferent about children’s sex (as opposed to desiring an equal number of boys and girls, in which the sex of children is still a primary consideration). Results show that at the individual level female education was the strongest predictor for the preference; education was negatively associated with son preference and positively with gender indifference. Cohort difference was noticeable, too. Younger cohorts were better educated than older ones so that they were more neutral about the sex and less adherent to the traditional male preference; besides, from 1992 to 2002 there was a universal intra-cohort movement toward gender neutrality and away from son preference. When the younger cohorts gradually replaced the older ones as the main child bearers in the Taiwanese society, at the aggregate level son preference declined and gender indifference rose.

Our findings suggest that working in multiple jobs is associated with an increased risk of an injury, both at work and not at work, and should be considered in injury surveillance.

Because of long work hours, long daily commutes, multiple shifts, and less sleep and leisure time, MJHs may be at heightened risk of fatigue and injury.

Introduction: Technological advancements have made life and work more sedentary, and long hours of sitting are known to be associated with many health concerns. Several studies have reported an association between prolonged sitting time at work and weight gain, but the results are inconsistent. This study examined the relationship between sitting time at work and BMI using data from a large prospective cohort of U.S. men and women from 2002 to 2010. Initial analyses were performed in 2013, with additional analyses in 2014 and 2015.Methods: The sample size at the base year (2002) was 5,285 and the age range 38-45 years. The outcome, BMI, was based on self-reported measures of height and weight. Estimates of workplace sitting time were linked from an external database (Occupational Information Network), and the occupation-wide rating for sitting time was linked to survey participants by occupation. Fixed-effects models controlling for time-invariant effects of all time-invariant characteristics were employed to examine the association, controlling for age, education, work hours, and hours of vigorous and light/ moderate physical activities.Results: Longer sitting time was significantly associated with higher BMI for the overall sample (β ¼ 0.054; po0.05) and men (β ¼ 0.086; po0.01). For women, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The findings provide further support for initiatives to reduce workplace sitting time as a means of reducing the risk of weight gain and related health conditions.

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