Abstract. Motivated by his work on the classification of countable homogeneous oriented graphs, Cherlin asked about the typical structure of oriented graphs (i) without a transitive triangle, or (ii) without an oriented triangle. We give an answer to these questions (which is not quite the predicted one). Our approach is based on the recent 'hypergraph containers' method, developed independently by Saxton and Thomason as well as by Balogh, Morris and Samotij. Moreover, our results generalise to forbidden transitive tournaments and forbidden oriented cycles of any order, and also apply to digraphs. Along the way we prove several stability results for extremal digraph problems, which we believe are of independent interest.
Abstract. A conjecture of Erdős from 1965 suggests the minimum number of edges in a kuniform hypergraph on n vertices which forces a matching of size t, where t ≤ n/k. Our main result verifies this conjecture asymptotically, for all t < 0.48n/k. This gives an approximate answer to a question of Huang, Loh and Sudakov, who proved the conjecture for t ≤ n/3k2 . As a consequence of our result, we extend bounds of Bollobás, Daykin and Erdős by asymptotically determining the minimum vertex degree which forces a matching of size t < 0.48n/(k − 1) in a k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices. We also obtain further results on d-degrees which force large matchings. In addition we improve bounds of Markström and Ruciński on the minimum ddegree which forces a perfect matching in a k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices. Our approach is to inductively prove fractional versions of the above results and then translate these into integer versions.
In 1982 Thomassen asked whether there exists an integer f (k, t) such that every strongly f (k, t)-connected tournament T admits a partition of its vertex set into t vertex classes V1, . . . , Vt such that for all i the subtournament T [Vi] induced on T by Vi is strongly kconnected. Our main result implies an affirmative answer to this question. In particular we show that f (k, t) = O(k 7 t 4 ) suffices. As another application of our main result we give an affirmative answer to a question of Song as to whether, for any integer t, there exists an integer h(t) such that every strongly h(t)-connected tournament has a 1-factor consisting of t vertex-disjoint cycles of prescribed lengths. We show that h(t) = O(t 5 ) suffices.
Abstract. A conjecture of Erdős from 1965 suggests the minimum number of edges in a kuniform hypergraph on n vertices which forces a matching of size t, where t ≤ n/k. Our main result verifies this conjecture asymptotically, for all t < 0.48n/k. This gives an approximate answer to a question of Huang, Loh and Sudakov, who proved the conjecture for t ≤ n/3k2 . As a consequence of our result, we extend bounds of Bollobás, Daykin and Erdős by asymptotically determining the minimum vertex degree which forces a matching of size t < 0.48n/(k − 1) in a k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices. We also obtain further results on d-degrees which force large matchings. In addition we improve bounds of Markström and Ruciński on the minimum ddegree which forces a perfect matching in a k-uniform hypergraph on n vertices. Our approach is to inductively prove fractional versions of the above results and then translate these into integer versions.
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