Study Design. This was a motion segment expsrlmenLOtijucllvos. To determine the strength in bending of lumbar interveriebral discs.Methods, Eighteen "motion segments" consisting af two vertebrae and the Intervening disc and ligaments we;e loaded \a simulate toward bonding movements in life. The range oF flexion and the resistance to bending of each specimen was compared before and after re mo vat of the posterior elements. Mine of tN discs were tasted after the imradiseal pressure had been reduced by damaging the vertEbra! end plate In compression.Results. The posterior elements restricted the disc to BQ% of it? full range of flexion. ThE strength in anterior bending af isolated discs decreased with uyu and was 33 Nm on average. Reducing intradiscal pressure did not affect the fii?^' strength in banding.Conclusions. Disc failure in bending occurs through overstretching of the outer snulus ]n the vertical direction. Jn life, the posterior elements may not adequately protect the posterior Snu us from fatigue damage.
Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the commonest upper limb nerve entrapment syndrome seen in practice. In many centres, nerve conduction studies (NCS) have been adopted as a routine part of the diagnostic process. In the United Kingdom, the time taken to access diagnostic tests has been likened to a “hidden waiting list”, lengthening the time taken for a patient to access treatment. In the current healthcare climate with a centrally driven aim to reduce patient waiting time to a maximum of eighteen weeks, including tests, such waiting is even more unacceptable. Aim. This study was performed in order to evaluate a simple handheld device for quantifying median nerve lesions in CTS. Design of study: A prospective blinded cohort study. Setting: Leicester General Hospital, Carpal Tunnel Service Method: Participants were recruited from the nor-mal referral stream. If the clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of CTS, they were for-mally consented to the study in which results from the new handheld device were compared with traditional NCS. Final test group consisted of 63 participants. Results: For the new device the correct positive detection rate for abnormal nerve conduction was 91% (74/81 hands). Of the seven abnormal results not picked up by the new device, four were in asymptomatic hands (positive per cent agree-ment in symptomatic hands 95%). There were no false positives with the new system. (Negative per cent agreement 100%) Conclusion: We conclude that this new device demonstrates a high degree of concordance with currently available traditional NCS. The study suggested ways in which the accuracy could be further improved
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