Purpose: No prior study has been published on suicide-related behaviors among gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (GBTQ) men in Singapore, where sexual relations between men are criminalized. This study explores the association and mediational pathways between experienced homophobia and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts among young GBTQ men in Singapore. Methods: Results of this study were derived from baseline data of the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study, Singapore's first prospective cohort study among young GBTQ men. The sample comprised 570 young GBTQ men 18 to 25 years of age who were HIV negative or unsure of their HIV status. Statistical analyses were conducted through descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and structural equation modeling techniques. Results: Of 570 participants, 58.9% (n = 308) reported ever contemplating suicide, whereas 14.2% (n = 76) had ever attempted suicide. Controlling for key demographic variables, multivariable logistic regression revealed that experienced homophobia and depression severity were positively associated with a history of suicidal ideation, whereas depression severity and outness were positively associated with a history of suicide attempts. Mediation analyses revealed that depression severity and self-esteem partially accounted for the relationship between experienced homophobia and suicidal ideation, whereas depression severity and outness partially accounted for the relationship with suicide attempts. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and past suicide attempts was found to be high in a sample of young GBTQ men in Singapore. Interventions to address experienced homophobia and discrimination among young GBTQ men are needed urgently in Singapore.
Meyer and Land (2002) have introduced the notion of a threshold concept in student learning. By definition a threshold is an insight which is initially alien or counter-intuitive, is integrative in that it subsumes some previous knowledge and is transformative in that it leads to a different perspective of or within the discipline. The notion is suggested to be applicable in many disciplines. It is phrased in terms that the threshold nature of a concept is defined mainly by the student experience rather than simply an objective analytical process. Nonetheless past experience may lead teachers of statistics at tertiary level to surmise that threshold concepts in basic statistics will include the notion of patterns of spread or variation, randomness, sampling, the central limit theorem, and linear regression. Introductions to Bayes' theorem and interval estimation are further candidates. Hypothesis testing may present other difficulties. Some methods and results in an exploration of student perspectives will be presented. A class of over 465 students in their second semester course of undergraduate applied statistics (STA220) participated in a survey with a short list of 4 items via internet and PC lab access to a WebCT site supporting their current course. The 4 items addressed their experience in the earlier course (STA100), and were as follows: Explain in your own words the term random sample. The central limit theorem tells us something about the mean of a sample. State in your own words what the theorem implies. List three concepts you found very simple to learn about in STA100. List the three most difficult concepts that you learnt about in STA100. The motive for the exploration is the open question of whether or not two key concepts were clearly and articulately reported by the respondents, and whether there is initial supportive evidence for any particular concepts being experienced as threshold concepts by these students. As teaching effort aimed at plausible threshold concepts may lead to more successful student participation and learning, the diagnostic value of an internet resource that assists in collection of data may be substantial. Text editors may assist in the analysis of typed responses. Internet connections will allow for the quicker transfer of data and for rapid interchange of improved public domain material addressing concepts that appear to have threshold qualities
Objective We explore how earlier-life military roles and war trauma associate with later-life respiratory health in Vietnam. Method: The population-based sample aged 60+ is from the 2018 Vietnam Health and Aging Study. Poisson and binary logistic regressions investigate correlates of overall lung health, measured as total number of four conditions, and individual conditions, with focus on earlier-life wartime experiences. Results: Exposure is associated with lung conditions. Overall, a one-standard deviation increase in exposure results in 0.529 more conditions ( p ≤ .001). Association varies across military roles and is partially explained by PTSD and smoking. Civilians heavily exposed to war trauma exhibit worse lung health than similarly exposed formal and informal military personnel. Discussion: Earlier-life war exposure is an important predictor of late-adulthood respiratory health in lower- and middle-income countries. Evidence calls for attention to the long-term impacts of war on health among not only formal and informal military personnel but also civilians.
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