This study assessed the comparability and acceptability of two tests used to screen for overall intelligence levels in adults. At issue is whether either of these two tests is preferable for a definable subject population. Participants drawn from college (n = 30) and forensic (n = 50) settings completed the Shipley Institute for Living Scale (SILS), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), and the reading section of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R). The correlation between the SILS IQ and the K-BIT IQ scores was .77 for the college sample and .83 for the forensic group, with no significant differences between SILS and K-BIT mean IQ scores within each sample. Reading level also was significantly correlated with SILS and K-BIT IQ scores for both groups. A preference for the SILS over the K-BIT was expressed by two overlapping groups: college students and above average readers, while a majority of the forensic sample and poorer readers chose the K-BIT. Although the SILS and K-BIT yield comparable IQ scores within a sample, clinicians may want to consider the subject's reading ability, educational history, and feelings and attitudes about the assessment situation in deciding which of these two IQ screening tests to utilize.
Captopril, furosemide, and a sodium-restricted diet were administered t o 6 normal dogs and 10 dogs with congestive heart failure. Serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function were monitored in both groups. In the normal dogs, no clinically meaningful changes in serum electrolyte, urea nitrogen, or creatinine concentrations developed during therapy with a sodium-restricted diet and 4 weeks each of furosemide alone, captopril alone, or furosemide plus captopril. Three of 6 normal dogs on furosemide and a sodium-restricted diet had at least one serum potassium concentration above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. One normal dog on captopril, furosemide. and a sodium-restricted diet developed azotemia, and 2 dogs had serum potassium concentrations above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. Ten dogs with congestive heart failure were treated with captopril, furosemide, a sodium-restricted diet, and digoxin.herapy for congestive heart failure (CHF) often in-T cludes the use of diuretics and sodium restriction to reduce preload and venous congestion; cardiac glycosides to increase contractility and control supraventricular arrhythmias; and vasodilators to reduce venous congestion, preload, and afterload. Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), is a popular vasodilator used to treat dogs with CHF. This drug inhibits the formation of angiotensin I1 and results in vasodilation and decreased circulating plasma aldosterone concentrations.' Aldosterone plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular volume and potassium balance via its effects on the renal cortical collecting tubule cell. It also increase the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and promotes the secretion of potassium. The use of ACE inhibitors in human patients with severe renal insufficiency or in those given potassium supplements may increase the risk for h~perkalemia.~.~ It is not known whether the levels of potassium in popular pet foods or sodium-restricted diets will increase the risk for hyperkalemia in dogs receiving ACE inhibitors such as captopril.Functional renal insufficiency has been documented in up to one third of salt-restricted human patients with severe CHF treated with ACE inhibitors and diuretic^.^ This decline in renal function has been attributed to loss of angiotensin Ii-mediated systemic and intrarenal vasoconstrictor effects that maintain renal perfusion pressure and glomerular filtration rate in low output heart failure. Functional renal insufficiency appeared to be alleviated when efforts were made to replenish total body stores of sodium by reducing the diuretic dose and liberalizing dietary sodium intake.' Renal insufficiency is a complication of captopril therapy in dogs with CHF, but the role of sodium restriction is unknown.6 The purpose of this report is to describe the electrolyte concentrations and renal function in both normal dogs and dogs with CHF receiving captopril, furosemide, and a sodium-restricted diet.Etiopathogenesis of the heart failur...
Airborne thermal-infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) data of the Iron Hill carbonatite-alkalic igneous rock complex in south-central Colorado are analyzed using a new spectral emissivity ratio algorithm and confirmed by field examination using existing 1:24 000-scale geologic maps and petrographic studies. Color composite images show that the alkalic rocks could be clearly identified and that differences existed among alkalic rocks in several parts of the complex.An unsupervised classification algorithm defines four alkalic rock classes within the complex: biotitic pyroxenite, uncompahgrite, augitic pyroxenite, and fenite + nepheline syenite. Felsic rock classes defined in the surrounding country rock are an extensive class consisting of tuff, granite, and felsite, a less extensive class of granite and felsite, and quartzite. The general composition of the classes can be determined from comparisons
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