Hallux valgus is a common foot problem whose cause and progression is multifactorial, complex, and poorly known. Hallux valgus shows a predilection toward women. It is a progressive disorder with no treatment known to slow or stop progression. Surgery is indicated in healthy individuals when nonoperative measures fail. Adverse effects of surgery include infection and recurrence. Many procedures have been described, including soft tissue and bony reconstruction of the first ray. The procedure that is indicated depends on the severity of the deformity.

Background Radiographic outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been linked to clinical outcomes. The direct-anterior approach (DAA) for THA has been criticized by some for providing limited exposure and compromised implant position, but allows for routine use of intra-operative fluoroscopy. We sought to determine whether radiographic measurements differed by THA approach using prospective cohorts. Methods Two reviewers blinded to surgical approach examined 194 radiographs, obtained 4–6 weeks after primary THA, and obtained measurements for acetabular inclination angle, acetabular anteversion, radiographic limb length discrepancy (LLD), and femoral offset. All surgeries were performed at a tertiary academic medical center in rural New England by an experienced fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeon. Measurements for inclination angle, anteversion, LLD, and offset were made into binary yes/no responses based on whether the mean measurement (between the two reviewers) was acceptable or not based on established criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using pre-operative and intra-operative characteristics to identify predictors of acceptability for each measurement. Results The DAA group had higher rates of acceptable acetabular angle (96 vs. 85%, P=0.005), and was protective against an unacceptable angle in an adjusted predictive model (OR 0.16, P=0.005). There were no significant differences between approaches for acceptable anteversion, LLD, or offset. Body mass index of 30–34 was associated with higher odds of unacceptable inclination angle compared to the non-obese group (aOR 6.82, P=0.013). Conclusion DAA for THA was associated with lower odds of unacceptable inclination angle compared to the posterior approach, with no differences in anteversion, LLD, or offset.

Ankle sprains are very common injuries seen in the athletic and young population. Majority of patients will improve with a course of rest and physical therapy. However, with conservative management about twenty percent of all patients will go on to develop chronic lateral ankle instability. This manuscript describes our detailed surgical technique of a modification to the original Broström procedure using three suture anchors to anatomically reconstruct the lateral ankle ligaments to treat high demand patients who have developed chronic lateral ankle instability. The rationale for this modification along with patient selection and workup are discussed. Both the functional outcomes at the two year follow up along with the complications and the detailed postoperative rehabilitation protocol for the high demand athletes are also presented. This modified Broström procedure is shown in both illustrative format and intra-operative photos.

Superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions were first described in 1985 by Andrews et al. and later classified into four types by Synder et al. The most prevalent is type II which is fraying of the superior glenoid labrum with detachment of the biceps anchor. Superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions can also be associated with other shoulder pathology. Both MRI and MRA can be utilized in making the diagnosis with the coronal images being the most sensitive. The mechanism of injury can be either repetitive stress or acute trauma with the superior labrum most vulnerable to injury during the late cocking phase of throwing. A combination of the modified dynamic labral shear and O'Brien test can be used clinically in making the diagnosis of SLAP lesion. However, the most sensitive and specific test used to diagnosis specifically a type II SLAP lesion is the Biceps Load Test II. The management of type II SLAP lesions is controversial and dependent on patient characteristics. In the young high demanding overhead athlete, repair of the type II lesion is recommended to prevent glenohumeral instability. In middle-aged patients (age 25–45), repair of the type II SLAP lesion with concomitant treatment of other shoulder pathology resulted in better functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. Furthermore, patients who had a distinct traumatic event resulting in the type II SLAP tear did better functionally than patients who did not have the traumatic event when the lesion was repaired. In the older patient population (age over 45 years), minimum intervention (debridement, biceps tenodesis/tenotomy) to the type II SLAP lesion results in excellent patient satisfaction and outcomes.

Tear of the meniscal root results in loss of circumferential hoop tension in the meniscus and increased tibiofemoral contact pressure, leading to cartilage wear. Repair of the meniscal root can restore function of the meniscus. Many techniques for root repair have recently been described. We present a technique for root repair using a transtibial socket and knotless suture technique that can be performed through standard arthroscopy portals.

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