In patients undergoing hip-fracture repair, recovery room delirium is a strong predictor of postoperative delirium when using a standardized protocol for general anesthesia and postoperative pain management.

The dairy herd at Washington State University had an outbreak of mastitis caused by a single strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The outbreak strain, termed novel, could not be controlled with routine contagious mastitis pathogen control procedures (incidence, 3.4 infections/100 cow months; peak prevalence > 22%). Our objective was to implement mastitis control measures that would decrease the incidence and prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) caused by S aureus in the herd. The following intervention strategies were successfully implemented: strict segregation of cattle with IMI caused by S aureus, intensified culling of cattle with multiple-quarter IMI caused by S aureus, and inducing cessation of lactation of infected quarters in single-mammary-quarter infected cattle. One year after implementation of these control measures, incidence of IMI caused by S aureus was 0.35 infections/100 cow months, and prevalence had decreased from 20 to 8%.

Using a conservative treatment approach of PMT for the treatment of massive PE carries a low periprocedural complication rate. The low morbidity was achieved without compromising clinical outcome, documented by an in-hospital mortality of 15%. PMT using a conservative treatment approach may result in comparable mortality, but lower morbidity than PMT using more aggressive, angiographically guided treatment strategies.

Attitudes toward the environment are understood in psychological science as the result of separate mental systems, one conscious and the other unconscious, and capable of affecting behavior outside of awareness. For example, the common incongruity between what people say about global sustainability and what they do about the environment has been explicated by the influence of implicit environmental attitudes. This study examined the operational adequacy of the commonly used Implicit Association Test (IAT) by directly asking participants to report their recognition of behavioral influences whilst performing an IAT. An analytic technique of awareness assessment was introduced to improve on traditional post-experimental questioning, by requiring a constrained report that provided introspective access to task-related knowledge in awareness. Results revealed participants were very aware of their IAT response latencies, they accurately recognized IAT features that produced those latencies, and the validity of this awareness predicted their test scores, challenging the claim to attitude effects of which individuals are unaware. Thus, the critical evaluation showed the IAT method to be inadequate as a measure of environmental attitudes that are implicit. Applications of the awareness assessment technique are discussed for evaluating tests of implicit cognition, and for promoting individual mindfulness of one's own environmental attitude.

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