OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced CT for assessment of pancreatic perfusion in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy purpose-bred female Treeing Walker Coonhounds. PROCEDURES Contrast-enhanced CT of the cranial part of the abdomen was performed with 3-mm slice thickness. Postprocessing computer software designed for evaluation of human patients was used to calculate perfusion data for the pancreas and liver by use of 3-mm and reformatted 6-mm slices. Differences in perfusion variables between the pancreas and liver and differences in liver-specific data of interest were evaluated with the Friedman test. RESULTS Multiple pancreatic perfusion variables were determined, including perfusion, peak enhancement index, time to peak enhancement, and blood volume. The same variables as well as arterial, portal, and total perfusion and hepatic perfusion index were determined for the liver. Values for 6-mm slices appeared similar to those for 3-mm slices. The liver had significantly greater median perfusion and peak enhancement index, compared with the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurement of pancreatic perfusion with contrast-enhanced CT was feasible in this group of dogs. Hepatic arterial and pancreatic perfusion values were similar to previously published findings for dogs, but hepatic portal and hepatic total perfusion measurements were not. These discrepancies might have been attributable to physiologic differences between dogs and people and related limitations of the CT software intended for evaluation of human patients. Further research is warranted to assess reliability of perfusion variables and applicability of the method for assessment of canine patients with pancreatic abnormalities.
A 5‐year‐old, 0.92‐kg (2‐lb), spayed female Dwarf Hotot rabbit was evaluated for a 1‐day duration of lethargy and anorexia. Survey radiographs revealed evidence of gastrointestinal stasis. Abdominal ultrasonography characterized multiple small, round, anechoic structures embedded in the mesentery. These structures were thin walled with hyperechoic strands/septations. Most of the structures contained a well‐defined, eccentric, hyperechoic nodule adherent to the intraluminal wall. Mesenteric cysticercosis was confirmed via exploratory laparotomy and histopathology. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of the ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit.
A 6-year-old captive-bred male black pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi) weighing 0.49 kg with a snout-to-vent length of 127 cm was presented for evaluation of a caudal coelomic swelling that had been present for three days. Survey radiographs showed focal distention of the body wall with a mass of soft tissue and mineral opacity. Anti-inflammatory and empiric antibiotic treatments were initiated, with no significant improvement. Coelomic ultrasound showed effusion and intestinal changes consistent with an intussusception. On exploratory celiotomy, the mass was found to be a 10 cm long colonic diverticulum. A colotomy was performed and inspissated fecal material was removed from the lumen of the diverticulum prior to its resection and closing of the bowel defect. Histological examination of the excised tissue was consistent with an intestinal diverticulum and complete absence of the smooth muscle layers, indicating non-perforating rupture of the bowel wall. The snake recovered uneventfully and began eating five days after surgery. On physical and ultrasound examinations eight months after surgery, the snake’s body condition had improved and there was no recurrence of clinical signs, with the snake remaining normal 30 months post-surgery at home.
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
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