CRUZ, T. M. M.; FALCI, S. G. M.; GALVÃO, E. L.Association between bruxism and salivary cortisol levels: A systematic review. Int. J. Odontostomat., 10(3):469-474, 2016.ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to verify the existence of an association between daytime and/or nighttime bruxism and the levels of cortisol in patients that carry this parafunction. A systematic review of observational studies were conducted in the following databases: PubMed; OVID and VHL (Virtual Health Library, LILACS, IBECS; MEDLINE and Scielo), until January of 2016 and without language restriction. An evaluation of titles and abstracts was conducted, followed by the full reading of the articles to determine which researches would be included. Observational studies that associated daytime and nighttime bruxism with salivary cortisol levels were included. Evaluation of the methodological quality was performed and extraction of data from the researches included. Two articles were included in this review. One of them showed moderate positive correlation between the BiteStrip scores and the levels of salivary cortisol in patients with bruxism. On the other hand, the other research demonstrated that children with sleep bruxism are more likely to have low levels of salivary cortisol. There is no conclusive evidence of association between bruxism and salivary cortisol.
Previous studies have highlighted the positive effects of Estradiol (E2) replacement therapy and physical exercise on skeletal muscle during menopause. However, the comparison effects of exercise training (ET) and estradiol replacement therapy during menopause on skeletal muscle have not been investigated to date. This study aimed to compare the effects of endurance exercise training versus E2 replacement therapy on mitochondrial density, redox status, and inflammatory biomarkers in the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Wistar rats (12-week-old) were randomly assigned into three groups: Untrained ovariectomized rats (UN-OVX, n = 10); untrained ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol replacement therapy (E2-OVX); and, trained ovariectomized rats (TR-OVX). After ovariectomy, the E2-OVX rats were treated subcutaneously with E2 (implanted Silastic® capsule containing 360 μg of 17β-estradiol/mL) while the TR-OVX group performed an exercise training protocol (50–70% of maximal running speed on a treadmill, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks). After euthanasia, the soleus muscle was processed for histological and biochemical evaluations. Only exercise prevented the reduction of maximal oxygen consumption and increased mechanical efficiency (ME). While mitochondrial muscle density, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), catalase (CAT) activity, and interleukin 10 levels were higher in TR-OVX, only OVX-E2 presented higher CAT activity and lower interleukin 6 levels. Endurance exercise training compared with E2 replacement therapy maintains the aerobic capacity improving the ME of OVX rats. In addition, only endurance exercise training raises the skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and tends to balance the redox and inflammatory status in the skeletal muscle of OVX rats.
Background Previous studies have highlighted the positive effects of estrogen replacement therapy during menopause. In addition, a growing body of evidence has also proven several beneficial effects of other therapeutic strategies, especially physical exercise, to counteract the deleterious effects of menopause on skeletal muscle. However, a comparison of the effects of exercise training versus hormone replacement therapy after menopause on muscle mitochondrial profile and redox/inflammatory status has not been investigated to date. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of endurance training versus estradiol therapy on mitochondrial density, redox status, and inflammatory biomarkers in the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Methods Thirty twelve weeks-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Untrained ovariectomized rats (OVX-NAT); untrained ovariectomized rats with estrogen (ES) replacement (OVX-ER); and, trained ovariectomized rats (OVX-AT). After ovariectomy, The OVX-ER rats were treated with ES (subcutaneously implanted Silastic® capsule containing 360 µg of 17β-estradiol/mL) while the OVX-AT group performed a training protocol (50~70% of maximal running speed on a treadmill, 60 min/day, five days/week for eight weeks). All animals performed a maximal treadmill test before and after the training protocol. After euthanasia, the soleus muscle was processed for histological e biochemical evaluations. Results The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), mitochondrial muscle density, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), catalase (CAT) activity, and interleukin 10 levels improved only in the OVX-AT group, while only the OVX-ER rats presented an increase in CAT activity and a decrease in interleukin 6 levels. Conclusions Both endurance exercise training and estradiol therapy improve redox and inflammatory balance in the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats; however, only exercise increases VO2max and mitochondrial muscle density.
Case Description We report two cases of oral Blue Nevus. The first case is a 32 years old female patient with a brown-blue lesion on hard palate, with no clinical symptoms that has always been present but that recently has been growing. The case is 36 years old male patient with a brown macule on hard palate. Clinical Findings On case report 1, oral examinations revealed an irregular brown-blue macule, measuring 13 x 6mm on hard palate. On case report 2, oral examination showed an oval brownish macule also located on hard palate. Treatment and Outcome: Excisional biopsy was performed in both cases and histopathology analyses revealed diagnosis of Blue Nevus. Clinical Relevance Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity can be challenging once there are a variety of causes such as racial pigmentation, systemic diseases, use of medication, metal tattooing melanocytic nevus, melanoacanthoma, and melanoma. The correct diagnosys is important to conduct the best management of these lesions, especially the ones with malignancy potential.
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