This paper presents the results of laboratory investigations regarding the production of cements from local raw materials, such as limestone from Varghis, gypsum from Nucsoara, basaltic scoria from Racosul de Jos, volcanic tuff from Racosul de Sus, diatomite from Filia, and red mud from Oradea. The raw mixtures, based on modified Bogue calculations, contain limestone, gypsum, and one or two of the above-mentioned materials. The cements resulted from clinker grinding in a laboratory gas furnace at 1260-1300 ºC, with one hour at the peak temperatures, and were characterised for Blaine specific surface area, specific density, and mineral phases. Physico-mechanical properties, such as water content for normal consistency, setting time, soundness, and compressive strength were also determined. Results show that these cements contain belite, ferrite, calcium sulphoaluminate, anhydrite, and some minor compounds.
The paper presents new different raw materials mixtures which should lead to the theoretical mineralogical compositions of sulfoaluminate belitic (SAB) clinkers. The mixtures, composed of limestone, gypsum, clay, diatomite, basaltic scoria, volcanic tuff and red mud (bauxite ore processing by-product), have been burned at 1220, 1240 and 1260 °C for one hour in an electrical laboratory furnace, then quenched in fresh air. The resulted clinker samples were studied in thin sections under a polarizing petrographic microscope for clinker structure, microtexture and mineralogical association. The mineralogical assemblage assessment by XRD analyses was completed. The sample XRD patterns (processed by Match software and pdf2 database) have been allowed a qualitative and a semiquantitative estimation (external standard method) of the main mineralogical compounds: C 2 S (belite), C 4 AF (brownmillerite), CS ̅ (anhydrite), C 4 A 3 S ̅ (sulfoaluminate), proper for sulfoaluminate belitic clinkers. The identified minor and secondary mineral phases were: alkali (Na, K, Na-K) sulfates, natroalunite (NKA 6 S ̅ H), limeite (C), periclase (M), gehlenite (C 2 (A 1x ,M x)(AS)). The following abbreviations were used: C= CaO; S = SiO 2 ; A= Al 2 O 3 ; F= Fe 2 O 3 ; S ̅ = SO 3 ; H = H 2 O; M= MgO; N(K)= Na 2 O(K 2 O).
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