A phenomenological model of the dynamics of the Universe is suggested as an alternative of the standard model dynamics whose inadequacy is borne out by the catastrophic difference-over 40 orders of magnitude-between the cosmological constant obtained on the basis of the standard cosmological model and that derived from experimental data. The key factor in the solution of the complex of problems unresolvable within the scope of the standard theory, the problems associated with the establishment of the essence of dark energy and dark matter included, is the abandonment of the notions of the Big Bang involving the momentary generation of matter and adoption of the hypothesis for the existence of an energy-mass source of Planckian power that originated at the instant the Big Bang took place, the energy of this source being constantly generated in and evenly distributed over every element of the already originated or originating space. Possible experimental investigations aimed at gaining an insight into the issues concerning the dynamics of the Universe are discussed.

Abstract:It is shown that the adoption of the hypothesis that the electromagnetic component of physical vacuum, the vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (QED vacuum), undergoes polarization in the vicinity of elementary particles allows us to comprehend, on the phenomenological level, the physical essence of the basic hypotheses of the special theory of relativity, including the nature of the limitation of the velocity of material objects to the velocity of light in vacuum. The QED vacuum here plays the part of the base medium that governs the development of the fundamental strong and gravitational interactions.

Abstract:We introduce phenomenological understanding of the electromagnetic component of the physical vacuum, the EM vacuum, as a basic medium for all masses of the expanding Universe, and "Casimir polarization" of this medium arising in the vicinity of any material object in the Universe as a result of conjugation of the electric field components of the EM vacuum on both sides ("external" and "internal") of atomic nucleus boundary of the each mass with vacuum. It is shown that the gravitational attraction of two material objects in accordance with Newton's law of gravity arises as a result of overlapping of the domains of Casimir polarization of the EM vacuum created by atomic nuclei of the objects, taking into account the longrange gravitational influence of all masses of the Universe on each nucleus of these objects (Mach's idea). Newton's law of gravitational attraction between two bodies is generalized to the case of gravitational interaction of a system of bodies when the center of mass of the pair of bodies shifted relative to the center of mass of the system. The unique smallness of gravitational interactions as compared with the fundamental nuclear (strong and weak) and electromagnetic ones is determined by the ratio of the characteristic size of the domain of Casimir polarization of the EM vacuum in the vicinity of atomic nuclei to the Hubble radius of the Universe.

The ideas put forward earlier about the initiation of nuclear processes in a low-temperature plasma as a result of interaction between electrons of high (on chemical scales) energies and nuclei are demonstrated to be helpful in clearing some debatable issues concerning the synthesis of light elements in the solar atmosphere. Specifically the case in point is one of the puzzles associated with the radioactive isotope beryllium-7 whose abundance in the solar atmosphere exceeds the concentration of the stable isotope lithium-7 that is formed from beryllium-7, too, upon K-electron capture with a half-life of 53 days.

In the frame of the previously proposed model of the Universe dynamics (Timashev Serge. Planckian Energy-Mass Source and the Dynamics of the Universe: Phenomenology // substance of dark energy is associated with the electromagnetic component of the physical vacuum (EM vacuum). The estimate of this value obtained in this paper shows that the calculated zero-point oscillation energy does indeed constitute dark energy with the density established by the present time. At the same time, the energy density of the ЕМ-vacuum completely defines the dimensionless constant of gravitational interactions, demonstrating the quantum nature of gravity.