Variants of the multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (mopso) algorithm are investigated, mainly focusing on swarm topology, to optimise the well-known 2D airfoil design problem. The topologies used are global best, local best, wheel, and von Neumann. The results are compared to the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (nsga-ii) and multi-objective tabu search (mots) algorithm, and it is found that the attainment surfaces achieved by some of the mopso variants completely dominate those of nsga-ii. In general, the mopso algorithms also significantly improve diversity of solutions compared to mots. The
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