Operating rule model of a cascade of four hydroelectric power reservoirs was revised using a newly developed stage-area and stage-storage relationships. Stage-area relation is the basis for the development stage-storage relation. The basic concept that used to develop stage-area was the change in area with change in stage is proportional to stage. Simpson one-third numerical integration method is used to compute the net storage volume between stages. The result was verified and used to model the operation of the cascading system. The aim of developing a new operating rule model was to improve the total annual power generation from the system. Critical period studied using long-term daily reservoir level and inflow data, it showed that the length of critical period is equal to calendar year. Four important seasons were involving in the period; these are refill, deplete upper and lower operating level. Mathematical models were used to rank the refill and the deplete order of the reservoirs. Seasonally operating rule model was developed using the results of refill and depletion rankings. The power generated based on the developed model was compared to the long-term historically generated; and it found that the new rule model boosted the daily power production by 5.3% (12 MW per day), and the plant factor by 2%.
The operation of the four Perak cascading reservoirs namely, Temenggor, Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh analyzed using the newly developed genetic algorithm model. The reservoirs are located in the state of Perak of Peninsular Malaysia that used for hydroelectric power generation and flood mitigation. The hydroelectric potential of the cascading scheme is 578 MW. However, the actual annual average generation was 228 MW, which is about 39% of the potential. The research aimed to improve the annual average hydroelectric power generation. The result of the fitness value used to select the optimal option from the test of eight model runs options. After repeated runs of the optimal option, the best model parameters are found. Therefore, optimality achieved at population size of 150, crossover probability of 0.75 and generation number of 60. The operation of GA model produced an additional of 12.17 MW per day. The additional power is found with the same total annual volume of release and similar natural inflow pattern. The additional hydroelectric power can worth over 22 million Ringgit Malaysia per year. In addition, it plays a significant role on the growing energy needs of the country.
A new model is developed for a cascade of four hydropower reservoirs operation. The aim is to improve the total power generation from the system. Daily data of reservoir level, release and power generated which varies from 4-20 years are used for analysis. Long-term data of reservoir level and inflow are used to determine the critical period. The critical period is classified into four seasons; these are filling, depleting, upper and lower level operating season. Mathematical models are used to rank the refill and the deplete order of the reservoirs. A new rule models are presented using the results of refill and depletion ranks. Power generation using the developed model is compared to the long-term historical generated; and it is found that the new rule model boost the daily power production by 5.3% and the plant factor by 2%.
The cascading reservoirs in Perak, Malaysia, were used to test the sensitivity analysis of hydroelectric power generation during refill and deplete period of the reservoirs. The cascading scheme comprises four reservoirs namely Temenggor, Bersia, Kenering and Chenderoh. The test was conducted after the analysis of water balance and stage-storage relationship of each reservoir in the cascading scheme. The result showed that power generation from the smaller reservoir, Bersia, is more sensitive to the change of headrace level, while the larger storage capacity and rated head reservoir is the most sensitive to the change of release. Therefore, to maximize the power generation from the cascading reservoir, the refill operations should be ranked according to the increasing order of the reservoir storage capacity and a reverse order should be followed during deplete period.
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