A catch-up PHiD-CV schedule of 2 doses and booster for children 7 to 11 months of age was acceptable. For children 12 to 23 months of age, 2 doses seem to provide adequate priming although a booster dose might confer further benefit. Responses following 1 dose in children 2 to 5 years of age suggest that 2 doses may be preferable.
Screening of red-green colour vision defects was done for 52 school children (22 boys and 30 girls) and 231 trade school students (226 boys and 5 girls) with three different kinds of pseudo-isochromatic plates: Ishihara (1983), Boström-Kugelberg (1972), and Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 1 (SPP 1) 1978, and with three different kinds of vision screeners: Keystone View Model DVS 2, Bausch and Lomb Vision Tester, and Rodenstock Farbentestscheibe 3040.173. After these tests, each subject was examined with the Nagel Anomaloscope; this revealed 26 red-green defectives in the study group. Ishihara found 20/26 (76.9%), Boström-Kugelberg 24/26 (92.3%), and SPP 1 17/26 (65.4%) of the defectives. None of the normals were diagnosed as defectives with Ishihara or SPP 1. With Boström-Kugelberg four normals were diagnosed as defectives. Keystone found 24/26 (92.3%), Bausch and Lomb 26/26 (100%), and Rodenstock 25/26 (96.2%) of the defectives. But 9, 21, and 112 normals, respectively, were diagnosed as defective. In the present study, the Boström-Kugelberg and Ishihara plates as well as Keystone Vision Screener and Bausch and Lomb Vision tester came close to an effective screening test and could be recommended for screening red-green colour vision defects in occupational health care.
Background: Data on the immunogenicity and safety of acellular pertussis-based combination vaccines when given in the WHO recommended EPI schedule (6, 10 and 14 weeks of age) are needed for making individual clinical practice and public policy decisions in India.Methods: This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of primary vaccination at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age with Pentaxim TM (sanofi pasteur, AcXim family vaccine) including diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (PRP-T)antigens in 226 infants in India. Antibody titers were measured immediately before, and one month after, primary vaccination. Immunogenicity data from French infants vaccinated at 2, 3 and 4 months was used as a reference. Reactogenicity and safety were evaluated from parental reports.Results: One month after the third dose, 90.0% of subjects had anti-PRP ≥ 1.0 g/mL, and the GMT increased from 0.11 g/mL to 4.17 g/mL. Anti-Polio GMTs (1/dil U) increased from 18.1 to 441, from 20.4 to 459, and from 9.9 to 1511 for types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Two-fold increase in PT and FHA antibody concentration occurred in 97.1% and 92.4% of subjects, and anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody titers ≥ 25 EU/mL were observed in 100% and 97.6% of children, respectively. The vaccine was well-tolerated, with low reactogenicity. Severe solicited reactions were documented in < 0.5% of subjects after any dose. No drop outs occurred because of adverse events.Conclusion: Pentaxim given at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age was well tolerated and induced large immune responses in Indian infants, similar to those observed in French infants vaccinated at 2, 3, 4 months of age in an earlier trial.[NCT00259337].
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