A novel method for the postcombustion capture of CO 2 from coal-fired power plants has been described utilizing an aminosilicone absorbent. 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldsiloxane (GAP-0) rapidly transforms from a low viscosity liquid to a friable solid upon exposure to CO 2 in simulated flue gas. This material has excellent thermal stability, low vapor pressure, high CO 2 loading capability, and a large dynamic CO 2 capacity between rich and lean solvent loadings. Preliminary plant and process models assembled from experimental data show a decrease in parasitic energy loss from 30% to 18% when compared to the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process and a concomitant lowering of the cost of electricity (COE) from 74% to 44% increase versus a plant without carbon capture.
The mass transfer
performance of a phase-changing aminosilicone
CO2 post-combustion capture absorbent has been characterized.
The aminosilicone, 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane
(GAP-0), rapidly transforms from a low-viscosity liquid into a friable
solid upon exposure to gaseous CO2. Mass transfer performance
of this absorbent was studied to inform design and scaleup of a CO2 capture process. The long-term mass transfer rate of CO2 gas through a solid GAP-0 carbamate salt layer into a quiescent
pool of liquid GAP-0 was characterized using pressurized thermogravimetric
analysis. This experiment led to an estimate of the CO2 permeability of the carbamate salt solid of 1.46 × 10–9 mol of CO2 m–1 s–1 atm–1. Given literature-reported values of CO2 solubility in silicone polymers, the CO2 diffusivity
through GAP-0 carbamate salt was inferred to be approximately 4.39
× 10–11 m2/s. In parallel, the CO2 absorption rate into a spray of GAP-0 droplets was studied
in a laboratory spray reactor. While the rate of CO2 absorption
was anticipated to be limited by the rate of CO2 diffusion
through a solid carbamate salt layer on the surface of a droplet,
experimental results suggest that the GAP-0 droplets behave more like
a liquid during spray absorption. The effective diffusivity of CO2 through these droplets was estimated to be approximately
6 × 10–9 m2/s.
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