Background: Simulation is increasingly used as a training tool for acute care medical-surgical nurses to improve patient safety outcomes. A synthesis of the evidence is needed to describe the characteristics of research studies about acute care nurse simulation trainings and patient safety. An additional purpose is to examine the effects of acute care registered nurse (RN) simulation trainings on patient safety outcomes.Methods: Five Internet databases were searched for articles published on any date through October 2018 examining the effect of RN simulation trainings on patient safety outcomes in the adult acute care setting.Sample: N = 12 articles represented 844 RNs of varying experience levels and 271 interprofessional participants.Results: Nine studies (75%) used high-fidelity scenarios developed locally about high risk but infrequent events. Five studies (42%) incorporated interdisciplinary team members in the scenarios and/or outcome evaluations. Outcome measures were self-reported, direct observation, or clinical indicators. All studies in this review achieved improved patient safety outcomes. It is unknown how outcomes vary for different groups of RNs because of insufficient gender, ethnicity/race, and age reporting.Linking Evidence to Action: Findings support the design of simulation training research studies for patient safety outcomes and use of simulation training and research in acute care RNs. Additional high-quality research is needed to support this field. Future studies should include descriptors that characterize the sample (i.e., age, gender, education level, type of nursing degree, ethnicity or race, or years of experience); incorporate interdisciplinary teams; evaluate a combination of outcome measure types (i.e., self-report, direct observation, and clinical outcomes) both proximal and distal to the simulation; and that utilize standardized scenarios, validated outcome measure instruments, and standardized debriefing tools.Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web site: Figure S1. A proposed model of simulation based training for patient safety outcomes in acute care nursing. Table S1. Characteristics of studies evaluating simulation based training for RNs and patient safety outcomes.
Background Research indicates that the implicit biases and racist attitudes of healthcare workers are fundamental contributing factors to race-based health inequities. However, few studies and reviews appear to have examined the provision and effects of anti-racist education and training on post-licensure healthcare workers. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to explore what research methods are being used to ascertain the training healthcare workers are receiving post-licensure and to identify the goals and outcomes of this training. Methods Using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases, peer-reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed by the authors from March through October of 2020 in alignment with the renewed national focus on anti-racism and racial justice. Studies or initiatives involving students were excluded as were commentaries on studies and studies not specific to racism or anti-racism. Results Eleven articles were identified as meeting stipulated inclusion criteria. Few were outcome studies ( n = 3), and many articles did not clearly delineate training methods, content, or outcomes assessed. Identified methods included group discussion, case studies, and online modules. Reported outcomes included increased self-awareness of implicit biases and racism. Only two studies focused specifically on nurses, with the majority of studies centering on physicians ( n = 5). Conclusions A considerable knowledge gap exists regarding effective methods, tools, and outcomes to use for undoing racism and mitigating bias in healthcare professionals. Nothing less than a seismic paradigm shift is called for, one in which an anti-racist perspective informs all healthcare education, research, and practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-021-01137-x.
Purpose Although the inclusion of non-native-speaking participants in nursing research is important in every country where nursing research takes place, the literature contains little on the method of achieving quality translation while simultaneously addressing cost containment. We describe a process for evaluating translation adequacy and demonstrate its use in comparing procedures for translating data from non-native-speaking interviews. Organizing Construct This work demonstrates a process for establishing, evaluating, and achieving translation adequacy when conducting qualitative research for cross-cultural comparisons. Method In an ethnographic investigation of disability in Mexican American women, we describe a process for obtaining translation adequacy, defined here as the methodological goal whereby the quality of the translated text meets the needs of the specified study. Using a subset of responses transcribed from Spanish audiotapes into Spanish text, text was subjected to two separate translation processes, which were compared for adequacy based on error rates and accuracy of meaning as well as cost. Findings The process for discriminating translation adequacy was sensitive to differences in certified versus noncertified translators. While the non-certified translation initially appeared to be seven times less expensive than the certified process, auditing and correcting errors in noncertified translations substantially increased cost. No errors were found with the certified translations. Conclusions The level of translation adequacy needed for any qualitative study should be considered before beginning the study itself. Based on a predetermined level, translation choices can be assessed using specified methods, which can also lead to greater transparency in the research process. Clinical Relevance An ongoing process to verify translation outcomes including cost, a component minimally discussed in the current literature, is relevant to nurses worldwide. Awareness of expense and quality issues makes greater methodological transparency possible in the design of translation projects and research studies.
Background: Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the embodiment of their gender, race, social class, and disability positionalities, and how they draw from their cultural backgrounds as they engage in health-seeking behaviors. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to explore how young Black men experienced the onset of chronic disabling conditions while negotiating health-promoting activities in the context of gender, race, social class, disability positionalities, and culture.Methods: This descriptive study used hermeneutic phenomenology to achieve study objectives. This study's research questions were answered using audiotaped, one-on-one qualitative interviews along with detailed fieldnotes. Each participant was interviewed twice at a mutually decided upon location to ensure their privacy and comfort. Results:In relation to their embodied interactions of self in the context of disability, these men described their health-related decisions using four themes: "Maintaining Manhood, Economic Constraints, The 'Risk' of Healthcare, and Health Promotion." Conclusions: By examining the experiences of young adult Black men living with disabilities, knowledge of their perspectives and experiences at earlier stages in their life course contributes to
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