These findings identify injury areas in which disparities narrowed, improvement occurred with maintenance or widening of disparities, and little or no progress was evident. This study further suggests specific mechanisms whereby new strategies and approaches to address areas that are recalcitrant to improvement in absolute rates and/or narrowing of disparities are needed and where increased dissemination of proven efficacious injury prevention efforts to high-risk populations are indicated.

Objective 1) To identify English Language published patient-reported upper extremity outcome measures used in breast cancer research and 2) To examine construct validity and responsiveness in patient-reported upper extremity outcome measures used in breast cancer research. Data Sources PubMed, CINAHL and ProQuest MEDLINE® databases were searched up to February 5, 2013. Study Selection Studies were included if a patient-reported upper extremity outcome measure was administered, the participants were diagnosed with breast cancer, and published in English. Data Extraction Eight hundred and sixty-five articles were screened. Fifty-nine full text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 46 articles met the initial eligibility criteria for aim 1. Eleven of these articles reported mean and standard deviations for the outcome scores, and included a comparison group analysis for aim 2. Data Synthesis Construct validity was evaluated by calculating effect sizes for known group differences in 6 studies using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Penn Shoulder Score, Shoulder Disability Questionnaire-Dutch, and 10 Questions by Wingate (Wingate). Responsiveness was analyzed comparing a treatment and control group by calculating the coefficient of responsiveness in 5 studies for the DASH and Wingate. Conclusions Eight different patient-reported upper extremity outcome measures have been reported in the peer-review literature for women with breast cancer, some (n=3) were specifically developed for breast cancer survivors and others that were not (n=5). Based on the current evidence we recommend administering the DASH to assess patient-reported upper extremity function in breast cancer survivors because the DASH had most consistently large effects sizes for construct validity and responsiveness. Future large studies are needed for more definitive recommendations.

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of functional capacity in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematological malignancies. Patients and Methods. Using a retrospective design, 407 patients completed a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test to assess functional capacity before HCT; 193 (47%) completed a 6MWD test after hospital discharge. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) according to the 6MWD category (,400 m vs. $400 m) and the change in 6MWD (before HCT to discharge) with or without adjustment for Karnofsky performance status (KPS), age, and other prognostic markers. Results. Compared with ,400 m, the unadjusted hazard ratio for NRM was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.96)

Although homelessness presents unique, highly complex social and health issues that tend to overshadow the need for and the value of injury prevention, this study highlights potentially fruitful areas for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.