Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single Ab+ IT and multiple Ab+ NT. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of Ab+ in twins.
COVID-19 has illuminated how racial inequities across multiple institutions in the United States have converged and resulted in profound and lasting negative impacts on people and communities of color. Disparities in the treatment of Native (Indigenous) Americans, African (Black) Americans, and Latinx individuals in the United States concomitant with health disparities more prevalent in these populations have resulted in COVID-19 death rates that have been consistently higher than that of white counterparts and at rates that are significantly higher than their percentage of the population. While reports have focused have necessarily focused on the despair in these communities and the disparities in case and death rates, we report on the historical resilience of these communities and how this has been used to mobilize interventions in these communities that have served to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19.
BACKGROUND
Health literacy is the ability to make informed decisions using health information. As health data and information availability increases due to online clinic notes and patient portals, it is important to understand how health literacy relates to social determinants of health and the place of informatics in mitigating disparities.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic literature review aims to examine the role of health literacy in interactions with social determinants of health and to identify feasible health literacy-based interventions that address low patient understanding of health information to improve clinic note sharing efficacy.
METHODS
The review examined two databases, Scopus and PubMed, for English language articles relating to health literacy and social determinants of health. We conducted a quantitative analysis of study characteristics and qualitative synthesis to determine roles of health literacy and interventions.
RESULTS
The results (n=43) were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively for study characteristics, role of health literacy, and interventions. A majority (n=30) identified a correlate role for health literacy in relation to social determinants of health, but others noted that health literacy could also be a mediator (n=5), a result of social determinants of health (n=5), or considered a modifiable social determinant of health (n=2).
CONCLUSIONS
The multivariable nature of health literacy indicates that it could form the basis for many interventions to combat low patient understandability, including interventions using informatics-based solutions. Health literacy is a crucial, multidimensional skill in supporting patient understanding of health materials. Designing interventions aimed at improving health literacy or addressing poor health literacy in patients can help increase comprehension of health information, including the information contained in clinic notes that are shared with patients.
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