Tritrichomonas foetus, the agent of bovine trichomoniasis, is a flagellate protozoan responsible for substantial economic losses to the dairy and calf industries worldwide. As yet, there is no approved treatment nor is there a sensitive diagnostic method. All these problems suggest that immunization is the best control strategy. In view of this, we isolated and partially purified flagella of the parasite by vortex homogenization followed by low-speed differential centrifugation. The resulting enriched flagellar preparation termed "crude flagellar prep" was purified further by sucrose and percoll gradients. Microscopic analysis showed that the flagellar membrane was intact. Analysis by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed three prominent protein bands of 42, 49, and >250 kDa, and several minor bands. Immunoblotting of flagellar and whole-cell extracts revealed many flagellar antigens.
The efficacy of producing sheep by grazing on agroforestry based pasture in relation to growth, breeding traits, and impacts on the pasture were investigated. Sheep were placed on traditional or agroforestry grazing pasture and experiments determined growth rates, organic material and nitrogen concentrations of the soil, forestry utilization, and female breeding traits. There were no significant differences between the growth traits. There was significantly higher organic material from the agroforestry vs. the traditional pasture. The nitrogen content from the agroforestry without sheep was significantly higher compared to the other plots. The percent of understory cover on the agroforestry plot was significantly less compared to a control. There were no significant differences in sexual receptivity or pregnancy rates in the ewes, but the lambing rates of the agroforestry was significantly higher than the traditional pasture.
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