This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin (BV) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL) in the clinical practice setting using most recent results. A total of 32 observational studies reporting on treatment patterns, overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were found. After four cycles, a random-effect model yielded pooled ORR and CR rates of 62.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 56.0-68.9; I 2 ¼ 9.7%) and 32.9% (95% CI, 20.8-46.3, I 2 ¼ 64.8%), respectively. Regarding survival, 1-year, 2-year, and 5year PFS ranged from 52.1% to 63.2%, 45.2% to 56.2%, and 31.9% to 33.0%, respectively. OS rates were 68.2-82.7%, 58.0-81.9%, and 58.0-62.0%, respectively. Most common adverse events were hematological toxicities (neutropenia: 13.3-23%, anemia: 8.8-39.0%, and thrombocytopenia: 4-4.6%), and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy (3.3-7.3%). This study supports the effectiveness and safety of BV in R/R cHL patients in the real-world setting.

Introduction: Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and young children at high risk of RSV disease. This systematic review summarized evidence on the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab when used in approved populations. Methods: A systematic review of Phase III trials and observational studies was conducted according to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting (PICOTS) approach (PROSPERO CRD42021281380). Target populations consisted of infants with a history of premature birth (≤ 35 weeks gestational age) and children aged < 2 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hs-CHD). Outcomes of interest included RSV-related hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement for mechanical ventilation, treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and RSV-related deaths. Information sources were literature search (Ovid® MEDLINE and Embase), pragmatic searches, and snowballing (covering the period up to 07 September 2021). Results: A total of 60 sources were included (5 Phase III trials and 55 observational studies). RSV-related hospitalization rates following palivizumab prophylaxis in Phase III trials were 1.8% in premature infants and 7.9% in children with BPD, which were significantly lower than rates in placebo arms. In the real-world setting, similar hospitalization rates were found (0.7%-4.0% in premature infants [16 studies] and 0-5.5% in patients with BPD [10 studies]) with ICU admission reported in 0% to 33.3% of patients hospitalized for RSV . In Phase III trials, RSV-related mortality rates were 0.2% and 0.3%, while AEs occurred in 11% of premature and/or BPD patients and 7.2% of hs-CHD patients, consisting mainly of injection site reaction, fever, and diarrhea. Similar results were found in observational studies. Conclusion: This systematic review supports the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab in the indicated populations.

Although relapse is an important outcome to measure the effectiveness of schizophrenia treatment, no standard definition exists. This review aimed at identifying definitions and measurements of schizophrenia relapse in observational studies of long‐acting injectables (LAIs) versus oral antipsychotics (OAPs) and at determining their impact on heterogeneity of comparative effectiveness estimates. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase (01 January 2010–11 November 2019 [date last searched]). Pragmatic searches of gray literature and snowballing were also conducted. Search outputs were screened independently by two assessors at first stage, and full‐text of potentially eligible sources at second stage. For each retained source, definition and measurement of relapse, study methods, and comparative effectiveness estimates were extracted. Heterogeneity of estimates was assessed using I2 statistic with a threshold of 50% for substantial heterogeneity. Literature search yielded 543 sources and pragmatic searches, 21, of which 35 were eligible. Twelve definitions of relapse were found based on hospitalization/emergency department (ED) data (28 studies) or clinical assessment (5 studies). No definition was provided in five studies. According to quantitative analyses, in studies defining relapse as schizophrenia‐related hospitalization and/or ED visits over 1‐year follow‐up, LAIs were significantly more effective than OAPs. For studies measuring relapse based on all‐cause hospitalization, heterogeneity was too high for pooling; yet this definition is the most frequently found in pooled estimates published in the literature. Schizophrenia relapse definitions led to substantial heterogeneity of comparative effectiveness estimates of LAIs versus OAPs. Creating study subgroups based on relapse definition effectively reduces statistical heterogeneity.

84.6%) patients completed six cycles of therapy, 142 (66.6%) underwent interim PET2, of which 30.4% were positive, however few (n¼ 25, 17.6%) had PET-adapted modifications. A majority (89.1%) of patients received at least one supportive care product. AEs were more prevalent among older patients (>60 years). All grade neutropenia occurred in 47.1% of the patients receiving ABVD; the rate of febrile neutropenia was 6.8%. Other AEs included: infections (22.2%), anemia (27.6%), thrombocytopenia (2.7%). Cardiovascular or pulmonary complications occurred in 5 (2.3%) and 22 (10%) ABVD patients, respectively, 11 of whom had undergone PET2 assessment -3 with treatment de-escalation.Conclusions: Unmet needs exist with respect to the balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety risks of 1L chemotherapies in cHL. Even when PET2 scans are available to monitor tumour response, they are not always used to modify treatment management. Most patients continue to rely on supportive care products, or experience avoidable toxicities, underscoring the importance of new treatment combinations with novel agents.