Cyperus rotundus is a folk medicine with many benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, etc. It is widely used in many parts of the world. This study provided data on the phytochemical composition of Cyperus rotundus rhizome, including the active groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and triterpenoids. The polyphenols content in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Cyperus rotundus were 26.89 ± 4.33 (mgGAE/g) and 51.84 ± 6.46 (mgGAE/g), respectively. While, the flavonoids content in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Cyperus rotundus were 78.03 ± 3.11 (mgQE/g) and 20.28 ± 2.25 (mgQE/g), respectively. According to the ABTS assay, the IC50 values of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were 117.8 ± 19.85 (μg/ml) and 162.02 ± 11.43 (μg/ml), respectively. According to the DPPH assay, the IC50 values of Cyperus rotundus extracted by water and alcohol were 337.42 ± 22.84 (μg/ml) and 447.53 ± 33.8 (μg/ml), respectively. With the rich presence of secondary compounds, antioxidant activity confirmed in many studies, Cyperus rotundus is evaluated as having potential applications in many different fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods.
This research shows the production of bio-based oil in green chemistry. Catfish fat was treated to refined catfish oil by physical processes. Degum of catfish fat was performed in cavitation equipment. The blending bio-lubricant from refined catfish oil was prepared base on the SAE 20W50 engine lubricant formula. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used for determining the oxidation resistance of samples. The biodegradability of samples was studied by COD test and BOD test. The properties of materials and products were determined according to the TCVN standard and ASTM standard. The study finds that the efficiency of degumming of catfish fat was increased considerably in using cavitation technique. The optimal conditions of degumming were temperature at 40 o C and time of 3minutes. After physical treatment, refined catfish oil can be used as bio-based oil and the blend of biolubricant added 20 (wt.%) refined catfish oil can meet the quality standards of SAE20W50 commercial lubricant nearly. Production of bio-based oil from catfish fat can develop sustainably because of its green nature as biological materials, environmentally friendly products, production processes that limit the use of chemicals and apply green technology.
The demand for healthy drinks produced by combining bioactive carbohydrates and probiotic microorganisms increases during the rising of customer awareness related to digestive health issues. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for establishing a mini-plant to produce a synbiotic fermented drink from mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). From the technological analysis, inulin and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were the most suitable ingredients for mung bean-based synbiotic beverage production. With a total investment of 3,112,000,000, - IDR and a total production capacity of 10,800 kL/year, based on financial analysis, this mini-plant was feasible to be established. This was indicated by some feasibility criteria such as B/C ratio, net present value (NPV), break event point (BEP), internal rate of return (IRR), and pay-back period (PBP) that presented of 1.70, 12.079 billion, 2.8 million packs (@125 mL), 21.78%, 3.46 years, respectively. From location selection analysis, by an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Kebumen regency was the most suitable location to build this plant due to the availabilities of raw material and water. This study revealed that mung bean-based synbiotic beverage was prospective to be developed and techno-economically feasible.
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