The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identified Australia as among the developed nations most at risk from climate change effects. Key tourism icon destinations and the tourism sector generally have been identified as being particularly at risk. This paper reports on an interdisciplinary, multi-case study approach to assess tourism stakeholders' knowledge of, and approaches to climate change adaptation, and to explore the potential for building a self assessment toolkit that can be exported to other tourism destinations. This study examined existing knowledge on anticipated biophysical changes and, through primary research (stakeholder interviews and social learning workshops), gauged the expected adaptive approaches of destination communities and the tourism sector to these changes for 2020, 2050 and 2070. The facilitated workshops generated a common set of adaptation strategies across a diverse set of tourist destinations. A key finding from the workshops is that the tourism sector is not yet ready to invest in climate change adaptation because of the perceived uncertainties. Ongoing leadership for such measures were seen to rest with the public sector, especially local authorities.Whether such assessments can be self generated, or require specialist facilitation, remains open to debate.
The Australia tourism industry faces challenges associated with a boom in minerals exports. The erosion of the price competitiveness of destination Australia associated with exchange rate appreciation has adversely affected inbound and domestic tourism while generating increased outbound tourism flows. The mining boom has also driven up labor costs, making it difficult for tourism stakeholders in mining areas to recruit and retain staff. This article highlights the importance of both tourism and mining to Australia, and the changes that are taking place in each sector. It employs a computable general equilibrium model to estimate the economic effects of the boom on Australia's tourism industry and tourism market segments. A micro-level analysis, supplemented by input from key tourism organizations, then highlights the extent and range of tourism impacts associated with the boom, and the strategy implications for different groups of tourism stakeholders.
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