Sunnyvale, CA), the cost of the current assay was significantly less with a convenient TAT (same-day result) using this noncommercial DNA extraction method and end-point multiplex PCR format. 4,5,9 In this study, we validated the diagnostic performance of internally controlled multiplex-PCRs targeting 8 carbapenemases in BC-positive samples. In the wake of increased carbapenem-based antimicrobial therapies, multiplex PCR may prove to be a useful tool for detecting carbapenem resistance and thus facilitating early infection control actions in clinical settings. The strengths of the current study include (1) demonstration of the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance genes among a group of oncology patients in eastern India, (2) development of a rapid and cost effect test suitable for implementation in resource constrained settings; (3) application of molecular tests for gram negative bacteremia to optimize antibiotic therapy; (4) identification of potential targets for developing new drugs to treat NDM and OXA positive GNB infections, and (5) use of OXA-23/-24/-58 PCRs, which has been rarely investigated for diagnostic purposes apart from its importance as a marker in CRAB associated with outbreaks (OXA-23). 5 The implementation of this new, low-cost tool in resource-limited settings may enable better management of gram-negative sepsis. 10
Endophytic actinomycetes are promising sources of antimicrobial substances. This study evaluates the activity of metabolites produced by the endophytic actinomycete R18(6) against Gram-negative bacteria multiresistant to antimicrobials. R18(6) isolate was grown in submerged cultures under different conditions: carbon source, temperature, pH and incubation time to optimize antimicrobials production. The actinomycete grown in base medium supplemented with 1% glucose, pH 6.5 and incubation at 30 ºC for 96 h with shaking at 100 rpm, exhibited the highest activity against the used Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract produced by the microorganism varied between 1/32 and 1/256. It had bactericide or bacteriostatic activity, depending on the Gram-negative organism. The active extract was stable at high temperatures, and unstable in medium containing proteolytic enzymes. Micromorphology of R18(6) was investigated by optical and scan microscopy, revealing that it was morphologically similar to the genus Streptomyces.
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