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In this study, we aimed to estimate the age, growth, and population structure to explore the life history of purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) by statolith microstructure in the waters of the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. The purpleback squid, S. oualaniensis, has been the most important economic cephalopod resource of the South China Sea; however, little is known about its life history, especially its age and population structure. The age and growth pattern have been explored via the statolith microstructure of this species of squid, specimens of which were caught randomly between January and March and between May and August of 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the waters surrounding the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. The results indicated that the range of the mantle length (ML) was 63–229 mm for females and 59–184 for males, and the body weight (BW) ranged from 13 to 435 g for females and from 7 to 152 g for males; the ages were estimated as being between 81 and 298 days for females and between 67 and 286 days for males, respectively. The hatching date extended from January to December, with a peak between November and March of the following year, suggesting the presence of one spawning group (winter–spring group). Significant differences existed between the ML growth and the BW growth. The relationships between ML and age were best described by the linear function for females and the power function for males; the relationship between BW and age were best described by the exponential function for females and the power function for males, based on our AIC models, respectively. S. oualaniensis is a fast-growing squid; the growth rate is the fastest during the young life stage, and it decreases after the subadult stage (120–150 days). After the first spawning behavior, the inflection point of the growth was recognized at the age of 180–210 days (6–7 months). This study provided basic, favorable information for the fishery biology, ecology, and resource management of purpleback flying squid (S. oualaniensis) of the South China Sea.

The air temperature has gradually grown since the globe entered the industrial period, leading to several issues, including global warming. The worldwide community has been debating the climate change extensively for more than ten years. The international community has also taken numerous actions on this problem, including the adoption of the "Paris Agreement," the "Kyoto Protocol," and the "United Nations Framework on Climate Change." This paper investigates how the environment and jobs are affected by global climate change under the context of just transition. According to the study, climate change has prompted the creation of new energy sources. Amidst the backdrop of climate change, variables like international standing and GDP will have an impact on the economic standing of many nations. Climate change affects not only the economy but a variety of other fields as well. It has made some areas of the world hostile, and also led to the vanishing of certain cultures. Moreover, it has an impact on employment. Global climate change initiatives have not generated a lot of jobs, and they have both positive and negative impacts on employment.

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