Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. As a potential zoonotic pathogen, MAP also seriously threatens human health and social security. At present, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has attracted wide attention as an useful biomarker in various diseases. Therefore, our study analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network of MAP infected bovine monocytes-macrophages and uninfected bovine cells by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 4641 differentially expressed lncRNAs genes were identified, including 3111 up-regulated genes and 1530 down-regulated genes. In addition, lncRNA-mRNA interaction analysis was performed to predict the target genes of lncRNA. Among them, after MAP infection, 86 lncRNAs targeted to mRNA, of which only 6 genes were significantly different. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in functional groups were related to immune regulation. Multiple signal pathways including NF-κB, NOD-like receptor, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, and other important biochemical, metabolic and signal transduction pathways were enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In this study, analysis of macrophage transcriptomes in response to MAP infection is expected to provide key information to deeply understand role of the pathogen in initiating an inappropriate and persistent infection in susceptible hosts and molecular mechanisms that might underlie the early phases of paratuberculosis.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) is the main tuberculosis pathogen of poultry and wild birds. MAA can also infect mammals such as pigs, cattle, and horses and can pose a threat to people with low immunity. Here, we describe the first identification of MAA strain HJW isolated from a cow in Jilin Province, China. The isolate was completely sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis of its relationship to members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was performed. The results revealed that strain HJW was type MAA based on the analysis of insertion sequence amplification and whole genome sequencing. The HJW genome size was 4,961,843 bp with a GC content of 69.28%. The strain was genetically most closely related to the Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strain DSM 44156. This study suggests that MAA may pose an infection risk to cattle and provides data support for the phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium.
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