In recent years, inorganic CsPbBr3-based perovskites have accomplished considerable progress owing to their superior stability under harsh humid environment.

Azoxy bond is an important chemical bond and plays a crucial role in high energy density materials. However, the biosynthetic mechanism of azoxy bond remains enigmatic. Here we report that the azoxy bond biosynthesis of azoxymycins is an enzymatic and non-enzymatic coupling cascade reaction. In the first step, nonheme diiron N-oxygenase AzoC catalyzes the oxidization of amine to its nitroso analogue. Redox coenzyme pairs then facilitate the mutual conversion between nitroso group and hydroxylamine via the radical transient intermediates, which efficiently dimerize to azoxy bond. The deficiency of nucleophilic reactivity in AzoC is proposed to account for the enzyme’s non-canonical oxidization of amine to nitroso product. Free nitrogen radicals induced by coenzyme pairs are proposed to be responsible for the efficient non-enzymatic azoxy bond formation. This mechanism study will provide molecular basis for the biosynthesis of azoxy high energy density materials and other valuable azoxy chemicals.

The high cost and poor durability of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are great limits for the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) from being scaled-up for commercial applications. Pt-based bimetallic NPs together with a uniform distribution can effectively reduce the usage of expensive Pt while increasing poison resistance of intermediates. In this work, a simple one-pot method was used to successfully synthesize ultrafine (about 7.5 nm) uniform NiPt truncated octahedral nanoparticles (TONPs) in dimethylformamid (DMF) without any seeds or templates. The as-prepared NiPt TONPs with Pt-rich surfaces exhibit greatly improved catalytic activities together with good tolerance and better stability for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in comparison with NiPt NPs and commercial Pt/C catalysts in alkaline electrolyte. For example, the value of mass and specific activities for EGOR are 23.2 and 17.6 times higher comparing with those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the dramatic enhancement is mainly attributed to Pt-rich surface, larger specific surface area, together with coupling between Ni and Pt atoms. This developed method provides a promising pathway for simple preparation of highly efficient electrocatalysts for PEMFCs in the near future.

Adipose inflammation is an important cause for obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and hypertension. Here we investigated that a circular RNA (circRNA), which we termed circARF3 (ADP-ribosylation factor 3), acts as an endogenous miR-103 sponge to alleviate adipose inflammation by promoting mitophagy. On the other hand, miR-103 aggravated inflammation by inhibiting mitophagy, revealing that miR-103 acts as a positive regulator of adipose inflammation. Furthermore, we found that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), as a miR-103 downstream target, mediates the functions of miR-103 in adipose inflammation. Overexpressing TRAF3 attenuated miR-103-induced inflammation by accelerating mitophagy. Moreover, we identified that circARF3 blocked miR-103 effects, which resulted in an increase in TRAF3 expression. TRAF3 restrained the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-signaling pathway, heightened mitophagy, and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation ultimately. Our data showed that circARF3 acts as an endogenous miR-103 sponge to inhibit mitophagy-mediated adipose inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings disclose a new regulatory pathway for adipose inflammation, which consists of circARF3, miR-103, and TRAF3. This study can be a useful addition to our knowledge, as it provides a new strategy for the prevention of adipose inflammation in obesity disorder.