The advantages of stacking design over traditional core–shell and supported photocatalytic structures have been highlighted with CdS firstly supported by rGO and then covered with metallic MoS2 as a model catalyst.

Since discovered in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. Morphology regulation strategies assembling 2D MXene sheets into 3D architecture have endowed the as‐formed porous MXene with a better performance in various fields. However, the direct patterning strategy for the porous MXene into integration with multifunctional and multichannel electronic devices still needs to be investigated. The metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method the authors propose can directly generate porous‐structured MXene hydrogel with a tunable feature. By electrolyzing the sacrificial metal, the released metal cations initiate the electro‐gelation process during which electrostatic interactions occur between cations and the MXene sheets. A high spatial resolution down to micro‐meter level is achieved utilizing the method, enabling high‐performance hydrogels with more complex architectures. Electronics prepared through this metal‐assisted electro‐gelation process have shown promising applications of the porous MXene in energy and biochemical sensing fields. Energy storage devices with a capacitance at 33.3 mF cm−2 and biochemical sensors show prominent current responses towards metabolites (sensitivity of H2O2: 165.6 µA mm−1 cm−2; sensitivity of DA: 212 nA µm−1 cm−2), suggesting that the metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method will become a prospective technique for advanced fabrication of MXene‐based devices.

Miniaturized electrochemical systems integrated into microfluidic flow devices have been an active research field the last couple of decades. This has resulted in many advanced microfluidic platforms for the conversion and detection of chemicals. The development is partly driven by the increased access to and decreased cost of fabrication. In the design of microfluidic electrochemical cells, several aspects need to be handled, such as the accurate control of potential, electrolyte flow, pH, pressure, and temperature. This can be further complicated by integrating photon traffic for spectro(electro)chemical detection. Here, a comprehensive review of recent advances and approaches to the design of microfluidic flow devices for detection is presented, first dealing with the design of electrodes and flow pathways, then highlighting some common challenges and how these have been dealt with in the literature. This work aims to be a guide for researchers in the design of microfluidic electrochemical systems for detection of chemical species.

Traditional non-coplanar calibration methods represented by Tsai’s method have many problems, such as insufficient calibration accuracy, inconvenient operation, inaccurate model, etc. This paper proposes a new high-precision non-coplanar calibration method to solve these problems. Like Tsai’s method, the proposed calibration method utilizes a one-dimensional displacement stage and a two-dimensional plane target to generate a virtual 3D feature point sequence. As an improvement, an affine coordinate correction model is applied to ensure the accuracy and orthogonality of the obtained virtual 3D coordinates. A novel and accurate camera calibration model is further established. Compared with Tsai’s model using radial alignment constraint (RAC) which ignores an orthonormal constraint of rotation matrix, the proposed calibration model fully considers the degrees of freedom of camera’s parameters to be calibrated, as well as the lens’ nonlinear distortion parameters. More accurate analytical solutions of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters can be obtained at the same time with paper’s calibration model. Finally, a novel high-precision non-coplanar calibration method is proposed based on paper’s calibration model. The reprojection experiment proves that the calibration accuracy of this calibration method is better than that of Tsai’s and Zhang’s calibration methods at the same calibration conditions. As a supplement, a novel binocular camera system extrinsic parameters calibration method with known intrinsic parameters is proposed. With accurate intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, the binocular camera system’s relative measurement accuracy could be within 1/10000. Overall, this method can be used in both experimental and industrial applications that require high-precision calibration parameters.