UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) plays an essential role in regulating the synthesis of hormones and secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, 129 members of the Petunia UGT family were identified and classified into 16 groups (A–P) based on phylogenetic analysis. The same subgroups have conserved motif compositions and intron/exon arrangement. In the promoters of the Petunia UGT genes, several cis-elements associated with plant hormones, growth and development, and abiotic stress have been discovered. Their expression profiles in five tissues were revealed by tissue expression based on RNA-seq data. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PhUGT51 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane. Salt stress caused an increase in the expression level of PhUGT51, but the expression level remained stable with the growth over time. In addition, the overexpression of PhUGT51 caused a significant increase in salt resistance. Our study systematically analyses the UGT gene family in Petunia for the first time and provides some valuable clues for the further functional studies of UGT genes.
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) participate in various physiological, growth and developmental processes of plants. In our study, a total of 79 WRKY family members were identified and classified into three groups (Group I, Group IIa–e, and Group III) based on phylogenetic and conservative domain analyses. Conserved motif analysis showed that seven WRKYGQK domains changed. The promoter sequence analysis suggested that there were multiple stress- and hormone-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of PhWRKY genes. Expression patterns of PhWRKYs based on RNA-seq data revealed their diverse expression profiles in five tissues and under different treatments. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PhWRKY71 was located in the nucleus. In addition, overexpression of PhWRKY71 caused a significant increase in branch number. This indicated that PhWRKY71 played a critical role in regulating the shoot branching of Petuniahybrida. The above results lay the foundation for further revealing the functions of PhWRKY genes.
Petunia is one of the world’s most important flowers, and its branch development has long been a source of discussion. MYB transcription factors have been identified as important plant branching regulators. In this study, 113 R2R3-MYB genes were identified from the petunia genome. PhMYB genes, closely related to RAXs, were expressed at greater levels in axillary buds and roots. Decapitation and 6-BA did not regulate the expression of PhMYB37. PhMYB37 was localized in the nucleus. Heterologous overexpression of PhMYB37 promoted shoot branching in transgenic Arabidopsis while silencing of PhMYB37 inhibited shoot branching. These results suggest that PhMYB37 plays a critical and positive role in petunia shoot branching.
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