BackgroundMultipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been widely recognized as a feasible strategy for regenerating injured myocardial tissue. However, little is known about the efficacy of intravenous injection of allogeneic umbilical cord (UC) MSCs in preclinical models of porcine myocardial infarction.MethodsDifferent dosages of allogeneic UC-MSCs or the vehicle [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] were delivered intravenously into an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) porcine model twice after coronary ligation. Echocardiography was performed to examine the cardiac function and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed to detect cardiac perfusion and nonviable myocardium. At the end of the experiment, 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Masson T staining were performed to determine the infarct area. The protein and gene expression levels associated with cardiac function, inflammation, and angiogenesis were examined by Western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In vivo trafficking of intravenous injection of allogeneic UC-MSCs enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was detected by real time PCR and immunofluorescence.ResultsAfter systemic delivery, allogeneic UC-MSCs were largely distributed in the lungs and some in the infracted myocardium. At week 8 following AMI, echocardiography demonstrated significantly improved fractional shortening in the high-dose (1.5 × 106 cells/kg) group. SPECT-PET/CT showed that UC-MSC treatment in both high and low doses markedly ameliorated the left ventricle (LV) infarct area but did not significantly improve the myocardial perfusion defect. LV remodeling was inhibited by UC-MSC therapy, as reflected by a marked reduction in rthe fibrosis area at basal, middle, and apical levels and reduced extracellular matrix deposition in the total myocardial area. Inflammatory biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) were reduced and pro-angiogenesis factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) were augmented in the myocardial infarct and border area. High-dose UC-MSCs increased the connexin 43 (Cx43) (myocardium preservation) expression in remote area of the LV myocardium after AMI.ConclusionsIntravenous injection of UC-MSCs is a feasible and effective way to preserve LV function and ameliorate myocardial remodeling in porcine AMI. The cardioprotective effects of UC-MSCs were attributed to paracrine factors that appear to augment angiogenesis, limit inflammation, and preserve Cx43 gap junction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0888-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
BackgroundDistribution of regional lymph nodes (LNs) is decisive for the lymphadenectomy boundary in radical resection of a right-sided colon cancer (RCC). Currently, the data of LNs in central area remains ambiguous and scarce. Herein we aim to provide a more detailed anatomical research on LNs surrounding the superior mesenteric vessels for RCC and investigated the metastasis rate.MethodsCarbon Nanoparticles (CNs) or Indocyanine Green (ICG) were used as dye and we laparoscopically observed the stained LNs distribution pattern and analyzed the harvested LNs combined with pathology report. Lastly, 137 RCC patients who received a “superior mesenteric artery (SMA)-oriented” hemicolectomy from September 2016 to September 2020 were included to calculate the probability of LNs metastasis in our target area.Results20 patients diagnosed as RCC (mean age 55.55 years, 13 male) were included. 13 patients underwent CNs injection and 7 patients consented to the ICG, while 4 cases suffered from imaging failure. The unequal number of the regional LNs located between SMV and SMA was detected in 17 cases (85%), posterior to SMV area in 6 cases (30%), and anterior to SMA in 11 cases (55%), respectively. The presence of LNs posterior to SMV was associated with the crossing pattern of ileocolic artery (²= 5.38, p= 0.020). The probability of LNs metastasis in the above areas (target areas) was 2.19% (3/137). No dyed LNs occurred when the SMA sheath was exposed. What’s more, the number of total harvested LNs in patients with dye injection was significant more than dye-free RCC patients (22.44±13.78 vs 43.20±22.70, p<0.01). ConclusionRight-hemi colon-draining lymphatic vessels anteriorly/posteriorly traversed the SMV and arrived at the surface of SMA near the middle colonic artery (MCA) level, which highlights the potential need of CME to place the internal border anterior to SMA and the removal of mesenteric tissue in our target area on lymphatic resection.
Reversible silver electrodeposition (RSE) can dynamically modulate visible light and infrared radiation through the reversible electrodeposition and dissolution of silver layer. However, the RSE device with bistability better than 2 h has not been reported, because the deposited silver layer may dissolve automatically without driving voltage. Here, a variable infrared emissivity device based on RSE with 24 h excellent bistability is demonstrated. A silver layer fixed at the counter electrode is used as the charge mediator, which reforms the electrochemical reactions of the counter electrode and is the key for obtaining bistability. Effects of electrolyte composition and driving voltage on the bistability are studied, and the driving voltage affects the bistability of RSE devices. This RSE device can be enlarged to 5 × 5 cm 2 with uniform emissivity change of 0.48 in 2.5-25 µm using silicon wafer as the infrared transparent working electrode substrate, and display discontinuous thermal patterns through incorporating a dielectric pattern layer. The cyclability and device failure mechanism is analyzed. With the excellent bistability, the proposed RSE devices provide great application prospects in the fields of dynamic infrared information display, adaptive infrared camouflage, and smart thermal management.
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