This meta-analysis examined the relationship between emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) and mental health (measured by life-satisfaction, positive affect, depression, anxiety, and negative affect). 48 studies, which included 51 independent samples, 157 effect sizes, and 21,150 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal was correlated significantly and positively with positive indicators of mental health (r = .26) and negatively with negative indicators of mental health (r = -.20). Expressive suppression was correlated negatively with positive indicators of mental health (r = -.12), and positively with negative indicators of mental health (r =.15). Expressive suppression was correlated positively with positive indicators of mental health within the category of samples with Western cultural values (r = -.11) but not the category with Eastern cultural values. Moreover, the correlation of expressive suppression and negative indicators of mental health was stronger in the Western cultural values category (r = .19) than in the Eastern cultural values category (r = .06). Therefore, it is necessary for follow-up studies about emotion regulation and mental health to consider some moderator variable like the culture.
Background and aims
Perceived stress has been regarded as a risk factor for problematic social networking site (SNS) use, yet little is known about the underlying processes whereby confounding variables may mediate or moderate this relationship. To answer this question, this study examined whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use, and whether these mediating processes were moderated by psychological resilience and social support.
Methods
Participants were 641 Chinese college students who completed anonymous questionnaires measuring perceived stress, depression/anxiety, psychological resilience, social support, and problematic SNS use.
Results
The results showed that (a) depression/anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use; (b) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety on the association between perceived stress and problematic SNS use were moderated by psychological resilience. Specifically, the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were stronger for individuals with lower levels of psychological resilience, compared with those with higher levels of psychological resilience; and (c) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were not moderated by social support, although social support was negatively related to depression/anxiety.
Discussion and conclusion
This study can contribute to a better understanding of how and when perceived stress increases the risk of problematic SNS use, and implies the importance of enhancing psychological resilience in preventing problematic SNS use.
this meta-analysis reviewed 86 studies, 244 effect sizes, and 5,1407 participants in the past 20 years, to examine the relationship between attributional style-involving internal, stable, global, and composite causes for negative outcomesand depression. We found overwhelming support for this relationship; further, we found that it was moderated by age and gender, with only adults having a significant correlation between global causes and depression, adolescents obtaining a stronger correlation between composite causes and depression compared to adults and children, and girls/women having a stronger correlation between all four causes and depression compared to boys/men. our findings suggest that the effect of individuals' attributional style involving global and composite causes on depression may differ according to age, and that girls/women are more likely to be affected by all four causes. through this study, adolescent girls emerged as the most vulnerable group, for whom interventions need to be developed and implemented.The relationship between attributional style and depression is well established. According to seminal depression theories, such as the
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