In this paper, we study the thermodynamics and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture of the nonlinear electrodynamics black hole under the scattering of a charged complex scalar field. According to the energy and charge fluxes of the scalar field, the variations of this black hole’s energy and charge can be calculated during an infinitesimal time interval. With scalar field scattering, the variation of the black hole is calculated in the extended and normal phase spaces. In the normal phase space, the cosmological constant and the normalization parameter are fixed, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics can also be satisfied. In the extended phase space, the cosmological constant and the normalization parameter are considered as thermodynamic variables, and the first law of thermodynamics is valid, but the second law of thermodynamics is not valid. Furthermore, the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is both valid in the extended and normal phase spaces.
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