It is a tough task in clinic to remove and refuel the dressing. Therefore, we have explored a bioinspired dressing which can be swiftly detached from wound beds and rapidly strengthened during the dressing change procedures.

Inclusion of an effective solution crystallization inhibitor as a minor component in ternary dispersions resulted in prolonged supersaturation following dissolution. This study shows the feasibility of formulation strategies for ASDs where a major polymer component is used to achieve one key property e.g. release, while a minor polymer component is added to prevent crystallization.

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— In order to investigate the relative importance of dry metamorphism and aqueous alteration in the history of chondrules, chondrules were hand‐picked from the Semarkona (petrographic type 3.0), Bishunpur (3.1), Chainpur (3.4), Dhajala (3.8) and Allegan (5) chondrites, and matrix samples were extracted from the first three ordinary chondrites. The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of all the samples were measured, and appropriate subsets of the samples were analyzed by electron‐microprobe and radiochemical neutron activation and the water and H‐isotopic composition determined. The TL data for chondrules from Semarkona and Bishunpur scatter widely showing no unambiguous trends, although group B1 chondrules tend to have lower sensitivities and lower peak temperatures compared with group A5 chondrules. It is argued that these data reflect the variety of processes accompanying chondrule formation. The chondrules show remarkably uniform contents of the highly labile elements, indicating mineralogical control on abundance and volatile loss from silicates and loss and recondensation of mobile chalcophiles and siderophiles in some cases. Very high D/H values (up to ∼8000‰ SMOW) are observed in certain Semarkona chondrules, a confirmation of earlier work. With increasing petrographic type, mean TL sensitivities of the chondrules increase, the spread of values within an individual meteorite decreases, and peak temperatures and peak widths show trends indicating that the TL is mainly produced by feldspar and that dry, thermal metamorphism is the dominant secondary process experienced by the chondrules. The TL sensitivities of matrix samples also increase with petrographic type. Chainpur matrix samples show the same spread of peak temperatures and peak widths as Chainpur chondrules, indicating metamorphism‐related changes in the feldspar are responsible for the TL of the matrix. The TL data for the Semarkona and Bishunpur matrix samples provide, at best, only weak evidence for aqueous alteration, but the matrix contains H with approximately terrestrial D/H values, even though it contains much water. Secondary processes (probably aqueous alteration) presumably lowered the D/H of the matrix and certain chondrules. While chondrule properties appear to be governed primarily by formation processes and subsequent metamorphism, the matrix of Semarkona has a more complex history involving aqueous alteration as a meteorite‐wide process.

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been extensively exploited as a strategy for improving the dissolution performance of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, factors underpinning the observed dissolution profiles are not clearly understood, and the choice of polymeric carriers is largely empirical. In the current study, the dissolution performance of a high drug loading ASD containing the poorly water-soluble, anti-inflammatory agent, celecoxib, was optimized by using binary polymers combinations. Polyacrylic acid (PAA), a highly water-soluble polymer, was used to substantially increase the dissolution rate of the drug, while hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or HPMC acetate succinate (HPMCAS) were added to stabilize the solid amorphous matrix against crystallization upon hydration, as well as to maintain supersaturation. Quantitative measurements of the impact of the polymers on the solution nucleation and growth rates of celecoxib revealed that, while the cellulose derivatives are effective nucleation inhibitors, it is more difficult to completely prevent crystal growth in solutions containing seed crystals, in particular at high supersaturations. Therefore, it is critical to prevent the formation of crystals in the dissolving matrix during dissolution. By using certain ratios of HPMC and PAA, both rapid release as well as crystallization inhibition could be achieved, even at high drug loadings. Utilizing combinations of polymers may therefore be useful to tailor release profiles while providing optimized crystallization inhibition.

Rationale: Although a few injectable hydrogels have shown a reliable biosafety and a moderate promise in treating myocardial infarction (MI), the updated hydrogel systems with an on-demand biodegradation and multi-biofunctions to deliver therapeutic drug would achieve more prominent efficacy in the future applications. In this report, a conductive and injectable hydrogel crosslinked by matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive peptides (MMP-SP) was rationally constructed to stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to recover heart functions after MI. Methods: Firstly, tetraaniline (TA) was incorporated into partially oxidized alginate (ALG-CHO) to endow the hydrogels with conductivity. The 1,4-dihydrophenonthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid (DPCA) nanodrug was manufactured with high drug loading capacity and decorated with polymerized dopamine (PDA) to achieve a stable release of the drug. Both ALG-CHO and DPCA@PDA can be cross-linked by thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and thiolated MMP-SP to construct a MMP-degradable and conductive hydrogel. After administration in the infarcted heart of rats, echocardiographic assessments, histological evaluation, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of hydrogels. Results: The cell viability and the results of subcutaneous implantation verify a good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility of the resulting hydrogels. The hydrogel shows remarkable strength in decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors, maintaining a high level of HIF-1α to promote the vascularization, and promoting the expression of junctional protein connexin 43. Meanwhile, the multifunctional hydrogels greatly reduce the infarcted area (by 33.8%) and improve cardiac functions dramatically with ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) being increased by 31.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The as-prepared hydrogels in this report achieve a favorable therapeutic effect, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for treating heart injury.

Results from this study reveal a notable relationship between the synergistic/antagonistic performance of sewage sludgefood waste anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) and organic loading. At the same sewage sludge content, biomethane potential (BMP) assays show an increasing specific methane yield as the content of food waste increased to the optimum organic loading of 15 kg VS/m 3. Under these conditions, the specific methane yields experimentally measured in this study were considerably higher than those calculated by adding the specific methane individual co-substrates during mono-digestion. On the other hand, at above the optimum organic loading value, the antagonistic effect (i.e. lower specific methane yield compared to mono-digestion) was observed. The relationship between synergistic performance of AcoD and organic loading was also evidenced in the removal of volatile solids as well as chemical oxygen demand. Further analysis of the intermediate products show that methanogenesis was the rate limiting step during AcoD at a high organic loading value. As the organic loading increased, the digestion lag phase increased and the hydrolysis rate decreased.

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