Fast Li-metal depletion and severe anode pulverization are the most critical obstacles for the energy-dense Li-metal full batteries using thin Li-metal anodes (<50 µm). Here, a wavy-nanostructured solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with fast ion transfer kinetics is reported, which can promote highefficiency Li-metal plating/stripping (>98% at 4 mAh cm −2) in conventional carbonate electrolyte. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) further reveals the fundamental relationship between wavy-nanostructured SEI, function, and the electrochemical performance. The wavy SEI with greatly decreased surface diffusion resistance can realize grain coarsening of Li-metal deposition and exhaustive dissolution of active Li-metal during the stripping process, which can effectively alleviate "dead Li" accumulation and anode pulverization problems in practical full cells. Under highly challenging conditions (45 µm Li-metal anodes, 4.3 mAh cm −2 high capacity LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 cathodes), full cells exhibit significantly improved cycling lifespan (170 cycles; 20 cycles for control cells) via the application of wavy SEI.
To realize practical applications of HVLMBs, the stable CEI and SEI is prerequisite. The relationship between electrolyte design, interphase engineering and the electrochemical performance of HVLMBs is analyzed in this review.
After
decades of development, zinc-based batteries with the advantages
of high energy density, low cost, and environmental benignity have
been considered as a promising battery system in the application of
energy storage. However, the poor cycle performance of zinc anode
strongly restricts the cycle life of zinc-based batteries and thus
limits its large-scale application. Electrolyte additives have been
proven to be one of the most straightforward strategies in improving
the stability of zinc anode during cycles, while the options of additives
are still limited. This work is based on the in-depth investigation
of the electrochemical behavior of both the organic additives and
the zinc species in the electrolyte. The modification effects of poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PVA) and vanillin as two typical additives from the electroplating
industry in both the zinc plating and zinc anode are systematically
studied. It is revealed that PVA could increase the utilization and
rate performance of the anode, while greatly promoting the corrosion
and shape change of the zinc anode. On the contrary, the existence
of vanillin could maintain the structure of the anode during cycles,
while the rate performance of the battery is hindered. With the coaddition
of the PVA and vanillin, the zinc anode shows superior performance
in cycle life, rate performance, active material utilization, and
discharge energy retention. These findings provide insight for the
enrichment of electrolyte additives in zinc-based batteries.
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