Angiogenesis, a fundamental process for the development and growth of a tumor, is less expressive in adenomas than in the normal pituitary tissue. There is controversy about the behavior of angiogenesis as a function of hormonal secretion or other characteristics of pituitary tumors. Endoglin (CD105) is a proliferation-associated antigen on endothelial cells, as well as an endothelial progenitor cell marker. We used the anti-endoglin antibody, a glycoprotein expressed in endothelial cells and conjunctive tissue, as a new marker particularly associated with neovascularization, in order to determine microvascular density (MVD) in pituitary adenomas. There were 77 samples, 31 males and 46 females, carriers of micro- (n = 24) or macroadenomas (n = 53). No significant difference was found in MVD concerning the variables of age, clinical presentation, and immunohistochemical phenotype or tumor size. MVD in males (median 5.4) was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than in females (median 3.0). Cell proliferation, as evaluated by the MIB-1 antibody (a cellular proliferation index [Ki-67 antigen], which is present in all stages of the cellular cycle except for the resting cells), ranged from 0% to 19.58%. No correlation was found between MIB-1 and MVD. It is possible to infer that the lower MVD found in pituitary adenomas in females reflects an inhibitory estrogen action on TGF-beta1, a protein involved in vascular remodeling. Because of its role as a TGF receptor ligand, endoglin proved to be sensitive in detecting this gender difference in pituitary tumor angiogenesis.

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Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab vol 45 nº 6 Dezembro 2001 570 RESUMO RESUMOApesar de na literatura o hipotireoidismo estar classicamente associado a distúrbios do humor, na prática clínica nem sempre esse fato recebe a devida atenção. Com o intuito de confirmar esta assertiva, foram revisados prontuários de 117 pacientes adultos, consultando em ambulatório de Endocrinologia, com diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo primário. A amostra é constituída por 9 homens (idade média 53,4 anos) e 108 mulheres (44,9 anos), com hipotireoidismo: pós-cirúrgico (n= 37), espontâneo clássico (n= 45) ou subclínico (n= 35). Os sintomas psiquiátricos pesquisados foram os utilizados no diagnóstico de transtornos depressivos pelo DSM-IV. Foram caracterizados 3 grupos de pacientes: com diagnóstico de depressão em acompanhamento psiquiátrico com ou sem antidepressivos (n= 15); sem sintomas psiquiátricos (n= 34) e com sintomas sugestivos de depressão (n= 68). Desses 68 pacientes, 15, 23, 21, 7 e 2 apresentaram, respectivamente, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 sintomas psiquiátricos. Dois indivíduos apresentavam 5 sintomas psiquiátricos e 28 apresentavam 3 ou 4 sintomas, números esses respectivamente associados com depressão maior e distimia. Os dados atuais chamam a atenção para a possibilidade de muitos casos não diagnosticados de transtornos depressivos na população de hipotireóideos, os quais poderiam ser beneficiados com avaliação e atendimento psiquiátrico adequados. ABSTRACT ABSTRACTEven though hypothyroidism has been classically related to mood disorders in medical literature, this fact does not always receive proper attention in clinical practice. To confirm this, we reviewed 117 medical records of adult patients with diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism from an outpatient Endocrinology service. The sample is composed by 9 men (mean age 53.4 years) and 108 women (44.9 years), whose hypothyroid status were diagnosed as: post-surgical (n= 37), classical (n= 45) or subclinical (n= 35). The psychiatric symptoms investigated were the ones utilized for the diagnosis of mood disorders by the DSM-IV. Three groups of patients were characterized: those with diagnosis of depression in psychiatric care with or without antidepressive drugs (n= 15); those without any psychiatric symptoms (n= 34) and those with symptoms suggestive of depressive disorder (n= 68). From these 68 patients, 15, 23, 21, 7 and 2 presented, respectively, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 symptoms. In two cases there were 5 psychiatric symptoms and in 28, 3 or 4 symptoms; these numbers are respectively associated with depression and dysthymia. These data call attention for the possibility of a significant number of undiagnosed cases of depressive disorders among hypothyroid patients, who would benefit from adequate psychiatric evaluation and treatment.

There is scarcely available data about the evaluation and evolution of patients with morphologically normal penis, but with reduced length according to the age. In this study, 8 boys were evaluated, with prepubertal development, presenting penis length one or two standarddeviation bellow average and with no evidence of endocrine pathology. In 6 cases the patients were observed for 1 year and 2 months to 8 years and 7 months. Two of them were submitted to testosterone treatment. In the last evaluation, all patients presented pubertal development, three of them with normal penis length for the age, and three of them presenting penis length one standard deviation bellow the average. The benign clinical evolution observed favors the adoption of expectant behavior in some of these cases, while testosterone treatment should be applied only in special ones. cocemente na gestação, resultando num comprimento médio no recém-nascido de 3,5cm; do nascimento até os dois anos, quando ocorre um acréscimo de l,5cm; dos dois aos 11 anos, novo acréscimo de l,5cm; e na puberdade, quando atinge o tamanho adulto (1). O mecanismo de cessação do crescimento não está claro (2).O diagnóstico diferencial de um pênis pequeno na infância, morfologicamente normal, inclui o pênis oculto, o micropênis e um pênis de comprimento reduzido para a idade. Pênis oculto ou escondido é o inserido num excesso de gordura suprapúbica (3). Micropênis é aquele que apresenta um comprimento 2,5 desvios-padrão abaixo da média para a idade (4).