Introduction Human coronavirus (HCoVs) are a group of viruses with recognized neurotropic and neuroinvasive capabilities. The reports on the neurological and ocular findings are increasing day after day and several central and peripheral neurological manifestations are already described. However, none specifically describes the neuro-ophthalmological manifestation of HCoVs. This is the first article specifically reviewing neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of HCoVs infection. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords: coronaviridae, coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS, ocular, ophthalmology, ophthalmological, neuro-ophthalmology, neurological, manifestations. A manual search through the reference lists of relevant articles was also performed. There were no restrictions concerning language or study type and publications not yet printed but available online were considered. Results Coronavirus eye involvement is not frequent and includes mostly a typical viral follicular conjunctivitis. Recently, retinal anatomical alterations were described using optic coherence tomography. Neuro-ophthalmological symptoms and signs can appear isolated or associated with neurological syndromes. The manifestations include headache, ocular pain, visual impairment, diplopia, and cranial nerve palsies secondary to Miller Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or encephalitis, and nystagmus. Conclusion Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological syndromes, symptoms, and signs should not be neglected and a complete ophthalmological examination of these patients should be performed to fully describe ocular manifestations related to HCoVs. We believe that major ocular and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations reports lack due to safety issues concerning detailed ophthalmological examination; on the other hand, in a large number of cases, the presence of life-threatening coronavirus disease hinders ocular examination and ophthalmologist’s visit to the intensive care unit.

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Over the past few years, there has been an increase in cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by acrylates, because of the growing popularity of artificial nails. Pathological reactions to artificial nails typically occur on or around the nail area. Eyelid contact dermatitis due to artificial nails is rarely seen, especially in a nonoccupational setting. The authors report the case of a 45-year-old female accountant who developed eyelid dermatitis due to artificial nails.

Introduction: Cataracts are a major cause of preventable childhood blindness. Visual prognosis of these patients depends on a prompt therapeutic approach. Understanding pediatric cataracts epidemiology is of great importance for the implementation of programs of primary prevention and early diagnosis.Material and Methods: We reviewed the clinical cases of pediatric cataracts diagnosed in the last 12 years at Hospital Pedro Hispano, in Porto.Results: We identified 42 cases of pediatric cataracts with an equal gender distribution. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 years and 64.3% of patients had bilateral disease. Decreased visual acuity was the commonest presenting sign (36.8%) followed by leucocoria (26.3%). The etiology was unknown in 59.5% of cases and there was a slight predominance of nuclear type cataract (32.5%). Cataract was associated with systemic diseases in 23.8% of cases and with ocular abnormalities in 33.3% of cases. 47.6% of patients were treated surgically. Postoperative complications occurred in 35% of cases and posterior capsular opacification was the most common (25%).Discussion: The report of 42 cases is probably the result of the low prevalence of cataracts in this age. Although the limitations of our study include small sample size, the profile of children with cataracts in our hospital has characteristics relatively similar to those described in the literature.Conclusion: Given the high proportion of idiopathic pediatric cataracts, prevention of the disease remains a challenge worldwide.

The tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare disease, with autosomal dominant transmission, with multisystemic involvement including ophthalmologic. Retinal hamartomas and retinal achromic patch are the most frequent ocular findings. Other ophthalmic signs and symptoms are relatively rare in this disease.We describe the case of a young woman with tuberous sclerosis who presented with horizontal binocular diplopia and decreased visual acuity without complaints of nausea, vomiting or headache. She had right abducens nerve palsy, pale oedema of both optic discs and retinal hamartomas. An obstructive hydrocephalus caused by an intraventricular expansive lesion was identified in brain CT.Observation by the ophthalmologist is indicated in all confirmed or suspected cases of tuberous sclerosis to aid in clinical diagnosis, monitoring of retinal hamartomas or identification of poorly symptomatic papilloedema.

Hypotension is the most frequent complication of haemodialysis. We report a case of acute visual impairment after one session of haemodialysis in a context of an acute optic neuropathy. The immunological and serological studies were negative. The records of hypotension greater than usual after the dialysis session that coincided with the visual complaints strongly suggest the dialysis-induced hypotension is the underlying mechanism of this non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

RESUMONo âmbito da prática clínica oftalmológica, as parasitoses por carraças são incomuns. Os autores descrevem o caso clínico de uma doente de 73 anos observada por edema e eritema da pálpebra superior direita. O exame oftalmológico revelou uma carraça aderente à margem palpebral. A carraça foi removida usando uma pinça fina, e poucos dias após, houve regressão total dos sinais inflamatórios, sem registo de complicações. O parasitismo por carraças representa uma ameaça para a Saúde Pública, pois as carraças são vetores de inúmeros agentes infeciosos responsáveis por patologias potencialmente graves, como a doença de Lyme. As carraças podem também induzir reações cutâneas locais e, mais raramente, paralisia neuromuscular. A morbilidade associada à picada da carraça aumenta com a duração da parasitação, pelo que a carraça deve ser removida o mais rápido possível, e os doentes devem ser alertados para os sinais de possíveis complicações locais e sistémicas. ABSTRACTTick infestation is rarely seen in ophthalmological practice. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman who presented with edema and erythema of her right upper eyelid. Biomicroscopic examination revealed a tick firmly attached to the eyelid margin. The tick was successfully removed using fine tweezers, and within a few days, the patient had fully recovered without sequelae. Ticks are a threat to public health as they are known vectors of numerous infectious agents responsible for serious pathologies such as Lyme disease. Ticks may also induce cutaneous local reactions, and more rarely, tick paralysis. Since morbidity increases substantially with the duration of the infestation, the tick should be completely removed as soon as possible, and patients should be aware about possible signs of tick related diseases.

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