Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and serological analysis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests may vary depending on the type of test and stage of the infection. In order to overcome this premise, this study utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. pallidum DNA in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis. The blood samples from patients with or without symptoms of syphilis, but with positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included in this study. A venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was performed for all collected sera samples. For PCR, the T. pallidum DNA was extracted from the collected blood samples and a specific primer set was designed to amplify 131 nucleotides of polA (Tp0105). The specificity of the primers was evaluated with the DNA of 17 different pathogens. From a total of 314 blood samples reactive in ELISA, 58.2% (183/314) of the samples were reactive in the VDRL test. In the PCR, 54% (168/314) of the ELISA-reactive samples were positive. In both tests (VDRL and PCR) 104 samples were positive. Of 104 positive samples for both tests, 71 were at the latent stage. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PCR with the designed set of primers can be utilized as a diagnostic method for T. pallidum detection in blood samples of patients with syphilis, especially those with latent infection. In addition, it can be utilized as a supplement for serological methods to improve the diagnosis of syphilis.
O presente artigo procura demonstrar a convergência entre o discurso religioso e o governamental em campanhas de prevenção ao HIV em Angola. Para tanto, utilizo-me de uma análise dos vídeos produzidos para o programa governamental de prevenção ao HIV da Televisão Pública de Angola, o “Stop Sida”. Pretendo demonstrar que a partir deles procura-se produzir sujeitos culpados, especialmente quando se tratam de mulheres, associando a infecção pelo vírus ao pecado, à condenação divina e à responsabilidade individual. Tal associação perpetua a violência contra a mulher e mantém intacto o dispositivo social que faz delas as maiores vítimas da pandemia da aids em Angola e na África Sulsaariana. Palavras-chave: relações de gênero; cristianismo; prevenção ao HIV/Aids; África.
Introduction: Different mechanical behaviors in resistance training can result in certain changes in the cardiovascular system. Objective: To verify the acute behavior of the main cardiovascular variables (heart rate, blood pressure, and double product) when performing resistance training with mono and multiarticular exercises. Methods: 10 male subjects participated in the study (26 ± 4 years; 81 ± 6 kg; 1.77 ± 2 m; 23 ± 1 kg / m2). They performed a test and retest for 8RM in the bench press and crucifix exercises on the machine. After the loads were outlined, they performed the intervention with the exercises, initially with a monoarticular activation containing two sets of 12 repetitions with 50% of the load acquired in the 8RM test of each exercise, using an interval of 60 seconds between one set and another. Additionally, three sets of 8 repetitions (80% 8RM) were performed with an interval between sets of 120 seconds. The execution speed was determined at a moderate level (2s for concentric, 2s for eccentric). It was measured before and during (series 1, series two, and series 3. Named as moments) heart rate exercises using POLAR, model RS800CX Multisport® and blood pressure using OMRON M6 (HEM-7001- E) ®. Then, the double product was calculated using the formula [HR (bpm) X SBP (mmHg)]. Results: In the heart rate analysis, there was an intra-condition difference for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparison, no differences were observed for rest (p = 0.994) and for moments 1, 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). In systolic blood pressure, intra-conditions, differences were observed for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparisons, there were no differences between rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.714), 2 (p = 0.999) and 3 (p> 0.999). For diastolic blood pressure, intra conditions, for bench press no significant differences were found for moments 1 (p = 0.331), 2 (p = 0.505) and 3 (p = 0.505) when compared to rest. In the same way it was for the crucifix, wherein the comparison with rest, no difference was observed in moments 1 (p = 0.849), 2 (p = 0.195) and 3 (p = 0.105). In the same sense, no difference was also observed in the comparisons between conditions for rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.999), 2 (p = 0.989) and 3 (p = 0.948). Finally, the double product in intra-condition comparisons found differences between moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). However, in the inter-condition comparisons, no difference was observed at rest (p = 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.868), 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). Conclusion: It is suggested that resistance training composed of mono and multi-joint exercises offers differences in hemodynamic responses but without differences between the types of mechanics applied by the exercises. Therefore, these results offer a partiality of what can happen with heart rate, blood pressure, and double product.
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