Conclusion et application des résultats : La présente étude indique qu'An. gambiae s.l. se développe aussi dans des gîtes atypiques, tels que les jarres, les abreuvoirs d'animaux, les eaux des fosses septiques, les eaux résiduelles de beurre de karité, initialement propices à la reproduction d'Aedes aegypti et de Culex quinquefasciatus. Au regard de nos résultats, la lutte antivectorielle contre les vecteurs du paludisme doit prendre en compte tous les points d'eau sans exclusive en raison de l'ubiquité d'An. gambiae s.l. Mots-clefs : An. gambiae s.l., production larvaire, type de gîtes, milieu rural, milieu urbain, Oussou-yaokro, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire Study of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera culicidae) larval production level in different types of breeding sites in Oussou-yaokro, West-Central and in Korhogo, Northern (Côte d'Ivoire) ABSTRACT Objective: Malaria is a public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. The control of the vectors requires knowledge of their breeding sites. This study aims to identify the usual and the possibly unusual (or atypical) breeding sites of An. gambiae s.l. in rural and urban areas. Methods and Results: Larval surveys in various water points and measurement of physicochemical parameters were carried during 4 months in Oussou-yaokro (rural area) and by cross-sectional study in Korhogo (urban area). Forty one (41) and 44 sites were identified in Oussou-yaokro and Korhogo respectively and divided into classic and atypical (not usual) breeding sites of An. gambiae s.l. Atypical breeding habitats were in order of importance, tanks or jars for domestic water conservation, drinking troughs for animals, waste water due to shea butter manufacturing, septic tanks and used tires. Most of positive breeding sites were in the immediate environment of local populations. In Oussou-yaokro, the abundance of larvae in atypical breeding sites and in usual breeding sites was similar while in Korhogo usual breeding sites were more productive. The dynamics of the larvae habitats showed that, in rural area, jars have a regular larval production throughout dry and rainy season. The number of larvae habitats in both localities was related to rainfall during the rainy season, but also to practices of population and period of water retention in the containers. Conclusion and application of results: The present study indicates that An. gambiae sl. can also breed in unusual habitats, such as jars, animal drinking troughs, septic tanks, wastewater of shea butter, initially suitable for breeding of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. In light of these results, vector control against malaria vectors must consider all water points without exception because of the ubiquity of An. gambiae s.l.
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