Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have been found to contribute, predominantly, to increasing costs of COPD—a major public health issue. This study aimed to fill the gap in literature concerning costs of AECOPD in Vietnam, by examining the direct cost of AECOPD hospitalization and determining potentially associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Respiratory Center of Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi. A total of 57 participants were selected. Information regarding sociodemographic features, clinical characteristics, and hospitalization costs were collected. A multivariate generalized linear regression model was utilized to determine the factors associated with hospitalization costs. The mean total and daily hospitalization cost were 18.3 million VND (SD = 12.9) and 2.5 million VND (SD = 3.2), respectively. Medication cost accounted for 53.9% of hospitalization cost (from 44.0% in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Classification A (GOLD A) to 55.3% in GOLD C). Patients having GOLD D COPD (Coef. = 5.78; 95% CI = 0.73–10.83), higher age (Coef. = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.13–0.61), and higher duration of hospitalization (Coef. = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.28–2.53) had higher hospitalization costs (p < 0.05). This study suggested that interventions to screen COPD patients as well as provide timely treatment should be conducted widely in the community in order to avoid any unnecessary hospitalization cost, consequently reducing the economic burden of COPD.
Business performance of enterprises is evaluated by many different models, most of which use financial measures. However, traditional financial measures cannot provide information for strategy development because they skip customer satisfaction and quality of products and services… Therefore, non-financial measures for business performance is gaining a special advantage, in which the Balanced Scorecard model (BSC) with customers, internal processes and development training as non-financial measures has been widely recognized by many companies and highly regarded by many researchers for its role in the strategic management of enterprises. This article aims to examine the factors affecting business performance from non-financial aspects (customers, internal processes and development training) of enterprises in Nam Dinh province. The study used the quantitative research method and SPSS 26 data processing software, and is based on the estimated linear regression model with 520 feedbacks from enterprises in various fields of operation in Nam Dinh province in 2020. The research results show that the factors affecting business performance in terms of non-financial aspects are ranked in the following order: (1) Use of resources, (2) Market orientation, (3) Information technology (IT), (4) Local policies, (5) Capital accessibility and usage, and (6) State policies. On that basis, the article proposes some suitable solutions for managers to improve the business performance of enterprises in Nam Dinh province.
This study aims to research credit solutions for sustainable marine economic development in Tra Vinh Province on the case of aquaculture by using themethod of collecting secondary data from reports of the State Bank in Tra Vinh Province, Department of Statistics Tra Vinh Province, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Tra Vinh Province in the period of 2016 to 2018. By using statistical and general, evaluating and analyzing methods, the authors have assessed the realities of financing credit, clarified advantages and challenges for marine economy in Tra Vinh Province. Thereby, the study has implied policies for sustainable development of marine economy in Tra Vinh Province in the coming time.
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