Biphasic water-based solvent systems
offer the opportunity of efficient
recycling of homogeneous catalysts. Water separates well from most
organic solvents; therefore, water-soluble catalysts can be immobilized
in this phase. Furthermore, water can substitute hazardous and environmentally
unfriendly organic solvents in these systems. Within industry only
the Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc process uses plain water to immobilize
the homogeneous catalyst for the hydroformylation of propene. Yet
for more hydrophobic substrates, no water-based system has been commercialized.
This review will summarize recent developments in the field of water-based
recycling strategies. Topics in this field are the intensification of the
mixing process, the use of thermomorphic solvent systems, and the
employment of several additives, like alcohols and surfactants. Continuously
operated processes for these recycling strategies will be presented
and discussed.
Upgradation of olefin-enriched
Fischer–Tropsch cuts by the
synthesis of alcohols leads to drop-in-capable biosynthetic fuels
with low carbon emissions. As an alternative to the conventional two-step
production of long-chain alcohols, tandem catalytic systems improve
the energy and resource efficiency. Herein, we present an auto-tandem
catalytic system for the production of alcohols from olefin–paraffin
mixtures. By utilization of a tertiary alkanolamine as the ligand
as well as the switchable component in the solvent system, a lean
reaction system capable of catalyst recycling was developed. The system
was characterized with regard to the switchable solvent separation
approach and reaction parameters, resulting in alcohol yields of up
to 99.5% and turnover frequencies of up to 764 h
–1
. By recycling the catalyst in 10 consecutive reactions, a total
turnover number of 2810 was achieved.
The production of alcohols from olefin-enriched Fischer-Tropsch cuts represents a promising route to CO2-neutral bio-synthetic fuels. Tandem-catalytic systems as alternative for the conventional two-step production of long-chain alcohols are attractive...
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