Polymer grafting is a technique to improve the morphology, chemical, and physical properties of the polymer. This technique has the potential to improve the existing conduction and properties of polymers other than charge transport; as a result, it enhances the solubility, nano-dimensional morphology, biocompatibility, bio-communication, and other property of parent polymer. A polymer’s physicochemical properties can be modified even further by creating a copolymer with another polymer or by grafting. Here in the various chemical approaches for polymer grafting, like free radical, click reaction, amide formation, and alkylation have been discussed with their importance, moreover the process and its importance are covered comprehensively with their scientific explanation. The present review also covers the effectiveness of the graft-to approaches and its application in various fields, which will give reader a glimpse about polymer grafting and its uses.

A simple synthetic strategy is described for synthesis of 3-arylazo-2-methyl-7-phenylpyrimido [1,2-b][1,2,4]triazepine-4,9-diones 4a-j. The acid dissociation constants were determined for the series prepared and were correlated by a Hammett-type equation using enhanced substituent constants. The results of such correlation together with the spectral data, including 15 N isotopic labelling, indicated that the studied compounds exist predominantly in the hydrazone tautomeric form.

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Synthesis and Tautomeric Structure of 2-Arylazo-4H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines. -20 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared. The study of their tautomeric structures by spectral analysis and by the Hammett correlation of their acid dissociation constants shows that they exist in the hydrazono form. -(SHAWALI*, A. S.; MOSSELHI, M. A. N.; FARGHALY, T. A.; J. Chem. Res. 2007, 8, 479-483; Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., Giza 12613, Egypt; Eng.) -M. Bohle

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Viruses are still the most prevalent infectious pathogens on a worldwide scale, with many of them causing life-threatening illnesses in humans. Influenza viruses, because of their significant morbidity and mortality, continue to pose a major threat to human health. According to WHO statistics, seasonal influenza virus epidemics are predicted to cause over 2 million severe illness cases with high death rates yearly. The whole world has been suffering from the Covid-19 epidemic for two years and is still suffering so far, and the deaths from this virus have exceeded three million cases. Because the great majority of viral infections do not have a specific medication or vaccination, discovering novel medicines remains a vital task. This review covers reports in the patent literature from 1980 to the end of 2021 on the antiviral activities of pyrimidine moieties. The patent database, SciFinder, was used to locate patent applications. A large variety of pyrimidine molecules have been produced and tested for antiviral activity over the last decade. These molecules were reported to inhibit a wide range of viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, dengue virus, herpes virus, hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency virus. The cytotoxicity of the developed pyrimidine derivatives was tested in almost all reported studies and the selectivity index was calculated to show the selectivity and safety of such molecules. From the remarkable activity of pyrimidine compounds as antivirals for several dangerous viruses, we expect that these derivatives will be used as potent drugs in the very near future.

Pyrimidine derivatives R 0510Site Selectivity in Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Halides with 2-(Aroylmethyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. -Depending on the substituents, the reaction of hydrazonoyl halides (II) or (IV) with pyrimidin-4-one derivatives (I) gives open-chain compounds of type (V) or the corresponding cyclized products (III). -(SHAWALI*, A. S.; FARGHALY, T. A.; J. Chem. Res. 2008, 12, 688-692; Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., Giza 12613, Egypt; Eng.) -M. Bohle 21-160