This study was conducted to survey the current status, the risks of groundwater resources for house holds in Pleistocene aquifers to serve the households in the Cu Chi district - Ho Chi Minh City during the period from March 1st– 30th 2015. The sample were divided into two main groups: from individual well for households which are used directly and from industrial pumping well by SAWACO.
Survey results showed that:
- Quality of water: There are popularly low iron content and pH in the survey area; however, Binh My Commune has very high iron content, above 10 mg / l. Other indicators are in accordance with standards except Pham Van Coi and Thái Mỹ Commune with very high NO3+ NH4+, beyond permitted standards.
- The treated water quality: 100% samples meet the QCVN02 standards: 2009 / BYT about water quality. Regarding risk assessment, this research is used to evaluate the water resource risks by DRASTIC and the health risks by substances, capable of causing cancer (As), incapable of causing cancer (Mn , Hg, Cr6 +, CN-).
These results showed that although the risks are considered very low, the measures still need taking to manage, control and to achieve a safe, sustainable water supply.
A mathematical model was used by the authors (software developed by Dr. F28 Le Song Giang) to study the change of the salt boundary river systems Saigon - Dong Nai under the effect of sea level rise in the different cases for Ho Chi Minh City, taking into account the change of amplitude and phase shift of the South China Sea tide.
Results of the study indicated that:
1. There is a pretty good resemblance between model running results and results of water levels measurement. Salinity, calculated results have a larger amplitude slightly from measured data but this difference and oscillation phase can be acceptable.
2. Salinity 1 g / l - 3 g / l is increasingly encroaching into the infield under the sea level rise scenarios. Salt accounts is greater than 5 g / l and the margin of 10-15 g / l is also approaching deeply, so the future of Ho Chi Minh City will face to some water supply problems.
3. Saline in basin downstream Saigon - Dong Nai river is quite sensitive to the hydrological regime of the river, therefore, domestic regulation of irrigation reservoirs upstream can be used to push salt and improve salinity regime in the downstream part of the river
SaiGon –DongNai (SG-DN) river system plays a vital role in developing the southern key economic triangle including Ho Chi Minh City, DongNai and BinhDuong provinces. Saltwater intrusion results from many factors and complex movements in SG–DN river system, in the midst of which are sea level rise and water regulation of upstream reservoirs. Theses causes have gradually changed the hydraulic regimes of the river system. As a result, saltwater intrusion has become seriously. In this article, the authors used mathematical models to investigate the change of saltwater boundary of the river system before and after the impact of sea level rise and the regulatory regime of the reservoirs. The findings contributed to the predicted scenarios where sea level rise and salinity boundary could be controlled through the regulation of upstream reservoirs.
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