The MajoranaDemonstratorwill search for the neutrinoless double-beta(ββ0ν)decay of the isotopeGe with a mixed array of enriched and natural germanium detectors. The observation of this rare decay would indicate that the neutrino is its own antiparticle, demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved, and provide information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The Demonstratoris being assembled at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The array will be situated in a low-background environment and surrounded by passive and active shielding. Here we describe the science goals of the Demonstratorand the details of its design.
A search for new physics in proton-proton collisions having final states with an electron or muon and missing transverse energy is presented. The analysis uses data collected in 2012 with the CMS detector, at an LHC center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 . No significant deviation of the transverse mass distribution of the charged lepton-neutrino system from the standard model prediction is found. Mass exclusion limits of up to 3.28 TeV at 95% confidence level for a W 0 -boson with the same couplings as that of the standard model W-boson are determined. Results are also derived in the framework of split universal extra dimensions, and exclusion limits on Kaluza-Klein W ð2Þ KK states are found. The final state with large missing transverse energy also enables a search for dark matter production with a recoiling W-boson, with limits set on the mass and the production cross section of potential candidates. Finally, limits are established for a model including interference between a left-handed W 0 -boson and the standard model W-boson and for a compositeness model.
1. The nitrogen content of an arable soil to 15 cm depth, sown to a ryegrass/white clover sward increased on average by 0·005 % N each year.2. Under a grass sward without clover and without fertilizer nitrogen, there was an increase of 0·017 % N in 3 yeais in the top 7·5 cm of soil; an annual addition of about 70 kg N/ha.3. Including white clover in grass swards not receiving nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase over 3 years of 0·026% N to 7·5 cm depth in one experiment, and 0·014% N to 15 cm depth in another, an annual increment of 100–110 kg N/ha.4. The increase was greater under ryegrass/white clover swards than under cocksfoot/white clover swards. A similar difference was found both in accumulation of organic carbon and in clover content. In an experiment comparing many different grasses it was not possible to distinguish differences in the level of soil nitrogen, after 4 years under grass, which could be ascribed to species or strains.There was no significant effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied at rates of up to 314 kg N/ha per year for 3 consecutive years.
1. The rate and pattern of water extraction from the soil by grass swards were examined.2. Under a continued drought water was removed progressively down the soil profile. The rate of removal of water was similar from all horizons to a depth of over 3 ft in these conditions.
An experiment was conducted at six widely separated centres in England and Wales for 4 years to compare the response of a perennial ryegrass (cv. S. 23) sward to fertilizer N at input rates of 200, 400 and 600 kg N/ha under cutting-only or grazing-only management systems. Under both managements the yield response to N varied substantially and was always greater under cutting than grazing and the response was greater in the first than in subsequent years. Under cutting, significant responses were obtained from 200 to 400 kg N/ha at all sites and in all years but very few sites responded significantly from 400 to 600 kg N/ha after the first year. Under grazing there was on average of all sites (but not at every site) a significant response from 200 to 400 kg N/ha only in the first year. In subsequent years no single site gave a worthwhile response in each year. Under grazing no site showed a significant response from 400 to 600 kg N/ha.At the lowest application of nitrogen, 200 kg N/ha, dry-matter yields under grazing were greater than those under cutting on eight of the possible 24 centre-year occasions. At the two higher rates of applied nitrogen dry-matter yields under cutting were consistently greater than those under grazing.With smaller responses to applied nitrogen on grazed than on cut swards maximum yields were achieved under grazing with an input of about 200 kg N/ha less than under cutting management. The results suggest that cutting experiments cannot be used to predict herbage yields and responses to fertilizer nitrogen under grazing conditions.
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