The effects o f exercise on clients in a psychiatric rehabilitation program were investigated in three studies. In the first study, a structured interview revealed that a high percentage o f the 11 clients (82%) reported that participation in exercise sessions was associated with consistent antide pressant and!or anxiolytic effects, higher levels o f energy, and improved participation in other rehabilitation treatment modalities. In the second study, a time-series analysis showed that 5 clients randomly assigned to an aerobic exercise group had significant reductions in depression (BDI) scores (p<0.05), along with increases in aerobic fitness (p<0.01); 5 clients random ly assigned to a non-aerobic 12-week training group did not improve in aer obic fitness or BDI scores. In the third study, 15 clients who were not involved in form al exercise therapies at the time o f assessment demonstrat ed a negative correlation (r= -0.731; p<0.005)
between aerobic fitness and level o f depression. This association indicated that the higher the level o f aerobic fitness, the lower the level o f self-reported depression in these clients. The overall evaluation o f exercise therapy indicates the feasibility o f establishing such programs in a wide variety o f psychiatric settings with sig nificant client benefits.The focus for the majority of research on exercise has been the relationship between exercise and health. It has been well established that exercise is an important factor in reducing the risk of many physical problems (Hanson, 1986).
This article summarises the latest information on the adverse cardiorespiratory effects of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in enclosed ice rinks. Sources of CO and NO2emissions are identified, current standards for these agents, as well as methods of controlling the emissions, dispersion, and evacuation of these toxic gases are presented. A detailed literature search involving 72 references in English and French from research conducted in North America and Europe was used. Material was from peer reviewed journals and other appropriate sources. Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which are present in enclosed skating facilities, may exacerbate a pre-existing pathogenic condition in those people who spend considerable time in these environments. Considering the popularity of ice hockey, short track speed skating, and figure skating, and the hundreds of hours that a sensitive person may spend each year in these environments, it would seem appropriate to seek more definitive answers to this important health problem. From the findings and conclusions of the research reviewed in this paper, 10 recommendations are listed.
To this point in time, acupuncture has been used primarily as an analgesic, a therapeutic intervention that controls pain under pathological conditions. Although some of the mechanisms of acupuncture as it applies to pain relief have been studied, little is known of the positive and/or negative effects of this procedure on the physical performance parameters of healthy people, particularly highly trained athletes. After introducing acupuncture from historical and technique viewpoints, preliminary studies of the effects of acupuncture on strength, aerobic conditioning, flexibility, and sport performance are discussed, as well as concerns regarding the direction of research investigating the potential benefit and/ or adverse effects of this practice. Finally, an argument is put forward for the establishment of guidelines for the use of acupuncture in the sports community.
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